Suchergebnisse

This new study shows how 18th century Spanish merchants sought to minimise losses by forging strong bonds of interpersonal trust among a range of employees, partners and clients

The letters of Simon Taylor of Jamaica to Chaloner Arcedekne, 1765-1775 / edited by Betty Wood with the assistance of T.R. Clayton and W.A. Speck -- Three voyages to the west coast of Africa, 1881-1884 / John Langdon ; edited by Martin Lynn

Published here for the first time, the diary of George Lloyd (1642–1718) presents a richly detailed account of the everyday life of an unremarkable man during two phases of his life: his attempt, between 1675 and 1678, to establish himself as a schoolmaster in Colchester; and the twilight of his career as a Customs officer at the Port of London in 1711–12. Virtually unknown to scholarship, Lloyd's diary is not a record of notable events, political upheavals, or religious controversies. Rather, it is a uniquely quotidian text consisting of regular daily entries documenting the activities and experiences of an individual far removed from – and largely unconcerned with – the great events of history. This diary will be an invaluable resource for scholars studying many aspects of early modern English social and cultural history, including sociality, fashion, religious observance, courtship, food and drink, and working life.

The electoral reforms of 1883-5 created a mass electorate and transformed English political culture. A new breed of professional organisers emerged in the constituencies in the form of full-time partyagents, who handled registration, electioneering and the day-to-day political, social and educational work of local parties; they performed a vital role as intermediaries between politics at Westminster and at grass-roots level, bridging the gap between "high" and "low" politics. This book examines the agents not only as political figures, but also as men (and occasionally women) determinedto establish their status as professionals. It addresses key questions about the nationalisation of electoral politics in this period, demonstrating the importance of understanding the interactions between the centre and the constituencies, and showing that while the agents' professional networks contributed to a growing uniformity in certain aspects of party organisation, local forces continued to play a vital role in British political life. It also provides a fresh perspective on the evolution of the modern British political system, shedding new light on debates about how effectively the Liberal and Conservative parties adapted to the challenges of mass politics after 1885. Dr Kathryn Rix is Assistant Editor of the House of Commons, 1832-1945 project at the History of Parliament

This rich analytical account of the Labour party's foreign policy between the party's formation and the fall of the first Labour government in 1924 demonstrates that the party's policy development during this period was far more sophisticated than has pre

An examination of the various dimensions - political, social and economic - to the evolution of Franco-Irish relations in the early modern period. The period 1500 to 1610 witnessed a fundamental transformation in the nature of Franco-Irish relations. In 1500 contact was exclusively based on trade and small-scale migration. However, from the early 1520s to the early 1580s, the dynamics of 'normal' relations were significantly altered as unprecedented political contacts between Ireland and France were cultivated. These ties were abandoned when, after decades of unsuccessful approaches to the French crown for military and financial support for their opposition to the Tudor regime in Ireland, Irish dissidents redirected their pleas to the court of Philip II of Spain. Trade and migration, which had continued at a modest level throughout the sixteenth century, re-emerged in the early 1600s as the most important and enduring channels of contact between the France and Ireland, though the scale of both had increased dramatically since the early sixteenth century. In particular, the unprecedented influx of several thousand Irish migrants into France in the later stages and in the aftermath of the Nine Years' War in Ireland (1594-1603) represented a watershed in Franco-Irish relations in the early modern period. By 1610 Ireland and Irish people were known to a significantly larger section of French society than had been the case 100 years before. The intensification of their contacts notwithstanding, the intricacies of Irish domestic political, religious and ideological conflicts continued to elude the vast majority of educated Frenchmen, including those at the highest rank in government and diplomatic circles. In their minds, Ireland remained an exotic country whose people they judged to be as offensive, slothful, dirty, prolific and uncouth in the streets of their cities and towns as they were depicted in the French scholarly tracts read by the French elite. This study explores the various dimensions to this important chapter in the evolution of Franco-Irish relations in the early modern period. MARY ANN LYONS lectures in the Department of History, St Patrick's College, Drumcondra, Dublin City University