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La monografia affronta il tema dei limiti alla tutela del c.d. "Made in" fra integrazione europea ed ordinamenti giuridici nazionali. Dopo una ampia premessa introduttiva, volta ad inqadrare l'argomento nel contesto evolutivo dell'integrazione europea e i suoi recenti sviluppi in chiave "personalista", i due capitoli centrali affrontano il tema definendo il concetto giuridico di "origine" ai fini della c.d. "comunicazione commerciale", gli obblighi europei e nazionali in materia di etichettatura, presentazione e pubblicità dei prodotti con riferimento alla specifica questione trattata, la politica UE di valorizzazione della qualità e le sue ricadute applicative nonché i residui spazi per la regolamentazione naizonale di marchi certificativi di origine, denominazioni geografiche ed attestazioni di tipicità. Il volume si conclude con una rilettura critica della giurisprudenza consolidata della Corte di giustizia UE alla luce della possibile natura di "diritto culturale" della dichiarazione di origine delle merci e del nuovo approccio dell'Unione europea ai temi della tutela del consumatore e dei suoi diritti fondamentali, fra i quali la trasparenza e l'informazione.

El Reglamento n.º 1169/2011 (UE) relativo a la información a los consumidores sobre los alimentos preveía numerosas excepciones a la regla general de la «irrelevancia» tendencial de la indicación del origen del producto en el etiquetado, así como que los Estados miembros podían imponer la obligación de añadir información adicional sobre el origen de determinadas categorías de productos con determinadas cualidades. Sobre esta base, numerosos Estados miembros han ido introduciendo disposiciones a tal efecto en los últimos años, estimulando la campaña a favor o en contra del llamado «Hecho en» (Made in). El Tribunal de Justicia dictaminó que: – La regla genera lo establecido en el art. 26.2, aunque expresada de forma sucinta, constituye una forma de preferencia absoluta en la materia. – El art. 39, que autoriza a los Estados miembros a añadir determinada información obligatoria adicional a la impuesta por el Reglamento, se limita únicamente a los productos cuyas cualidades dependen del origen geográfico y solo si dicha información puede considerarse necesaria para los consumidores. – El riesgo de deterioro de la leche debido al transporte no entra en las condiciones previstas en el art. 39. Esta decisión supone una contrariedad para los defensores de la transparencia sobre el origen, dado que, en su sentencia, el Tribunal de Justicia interpreta el reglamento en cuestión de la manera más acorde posible con la libre circulación de mercancías. Teniendo en cuenta lo dicho, nuestro comentario trata de resaltar las repercusiones a corto plazo de la sentencia y plantea la hipótesis de cómo, a largo plazo, la polémica sobre el Made in podría continuar.

This article explores the importance of geographical indications within the new trade policy of the European Union, using the example of the CETA and the dispute over Cypriot halloumi cheese. The authors point out that geographical indications occupy an important place within the European Commission's negotiating strategy primarily because of their significance for the EU economy. In negotiations with third countries, such as Canada, a crucial problem is the diff erent approaches to the protection of typical regional products. Therefore, the Union is trying to transfer its internal solutions to the international level. The detail of regulations, combined with the mixed nature of new trade agreements, makes trade policy vulnerable to blackmail by individual EU Member States. According to the authors, a reasonable solution to this problem – which was highlighted by Cyprus's veto of the CETA – is to rely on the treaty provisions and the judgements of the Court of Justice of the EU. These indicate the exclusive competence of the EU in this area and impose an obligation on EU Member States to cooperate sincerely. ; Vito Rubino – profesor nadzwyczajny na Uniwersytecie East Piedmont we Włoszech. ; Filip Tereszkiewicz – doktor, adiunkt w Instytucie Nauk Politycznych i Administracji Uniwersytetu Opolskiego. ; Vito Rubino - University of East Piedmont, Italy ; Filip Tereszkiewicz - University of Opole, Poland ; Bosse-Platiere I. and Rapoport C. (eds.), The Conclusion and Implementation of EU Free Trade Agreements. Constitutional Challenges, Cheltenham/Northampton 2019. ; Coscia G., The International Framework of GIs and DOs Protection and the European Approach, "Studi sull'integrazione europea" 2009, no. 3. ; Cottier T., Intellectual Property and Mega-Regional Trade Agreements: Progress and Opportunities Missed, (in:) S. Griller, W. Obwexer and E. Vranes (eds.), Mega-Regional Trade Agreements. CETA, TTIP and TiSA, Oxford 2017. ; Foster P., Brunsden J., UK Pushes Back on Brexit Promises on EU Regional Trademarks, 'Financial Times' 2 April 2020, https://www.ft .com/content/a53e81a0-b2bd-4da8-a6ce-28904fa9879a. ; Glavanits J., Dispute Resolution That Divides: Th e EU–USA Conflict on Investment-State Dispute Resolution, "Białostockie Studia Prawnicze" 2020, vol. 25, no. 3. ; Hübner K., Deman A.-S. and Balik T., EU and Trade Policy-Making: The Contentious Case of CETA, "Journal of European Integration" 2017, vol. 39, no. 7. ; Huysmans M., Exporting Protection: EU Trade Agreements, Geographical Indications, and Gastronationalism, "Review of International Political Economy" 2020. ; Ludwikowski R.R., Overview of the Trade Relations Between the European Community/Union and the United States at the Threshold of Globalization and Post-Globalization Era, "Białostockie Studia Prawnicze" 2020, vol. 25, no. 3. ; Malkoutzis N., CETA, Feta and Trade Deal Difficulties, "Ekathimerini" 23 October 2016, https://www. ekathimerini.com/213096/article/ekathimerini/business/ceta-feta-and-trade-deal-diffi culties. ; Melo Araujo B.A., The EU Deep Trade Agenda. Law and Policy, Oxford 2016. ; Neframi E., The Duty of Loyalty: Rethinking Its Scope Through Its Application in the Field of EU External Relations, "Common Market Law Review" 2010, vol. 47, no. 2. ; Parliament of Cyprus Refuses Ratifying EU-Canada CETA Agreement, 3 August 2020, https://www.iisd. org/itn/en/2020/10/05/ceta-faces-hurdle-aft er-cypriot-parliament-fails-to-ratify-the-agreement. ; Pelkmans J., Business Dimensions of EU's New FTAs, "Journal of European Integration" 2017, vol. 39, no. 7. ; Puntscher Riekmann S., The Struggle For and Against Globalisation: International Trade Agreements and the Democratic Question, (in:) S. Griller, W. Obwexer and E. Vranes (eds.), Mega-Regional Trade Agreements. CETA, TTIP and TiSA, Oxford 2017. ; Tereszkiewicz F., The Politicization of European Union Trade Policy, "Journal of Economic Integration" 2021, vol. 36, no. 3. ; Vellano M., The Chimera of Transparency in European Union Negotiations on International Agreements, "La Comunità internazionale" 2021, no. 2. ; Vranes E., The Contents of CETA, TTIP, and TiSA: The (Envisaged) Trade Disciplines, (in:) S. Griller, W. Obwexer and E. Vranes (eds.), Mega-Regional Trade Agreements. CETA, TTIP and TiSA, Oxford 2017. ; 27 ; 1 ; 143 ; 157