Suchergebnisse

Se resalta el prolífico legado de la historia social y la necesidad de restaurar y reivindicar su proyecto totalizante. La investigación sobre las clases trabajadoras constituye un escenario controversial pero privilegiado para explorar esa posibilidad. Se examinan algunos análisis sobre los usos y desusos de la categoría de clase trabajadora, con el propósito de señalar la importancia de conjugar historia, teoría y política, y provocar la "polémica historiográfica" en el campo epistémico y practico de la historia social. ; The article highlights the prolific legacy of social history and theneed to reinstate and vindicate its totalizing project. Research on theworking classes constitutes a controversial yet privileged setting toexplore that possibility. The paper also analyzes the use and disuse ofthe working class as a category, in order to point out the importance ofcombining history, theory, and politics, and foster a "historiographicaldebate" in the epistemic and practical fields of social history.

El cine se ha convertido en uno de los elementos más influyentes en la sociedad desde sus orígenes en el siglo XIX, por diversos motivos: su carácter artístico-estético, narrativo-comunicativo, técnico, etc. En este sentido, el Séptimo Arte se ha situado como producto creativo e industrial fundamental de la cultura que ha ido evolucionando a lo largo de los años. Teniendo en cuenta el desarrollo y valor de la cinematografía, nuestro cometido en el presente estudio estará centrado en la observación de la labor de dirección de fotografía como tarea indispensable en toda obra cinematográfica. Ya en las películas en blanco y negro y posteriormente con la aparición del color, la fotografía ha sido y sigue siendo un recurso esencial a la hora de transmitir sensaciones al espectador de una manera tanto directa como simbólica. Esta investigación analiza el trabajo del cinematógrafo Roger Deakins en cuatro de sus obras: Fargo, El hombre que nunca estuvo allí, Sicario y Blade Runner 2049, con el objetivo de conocer su manera de comunicar a través de diferentes aspectos del tratamiento fotográfico en las imágenes que él compone.

Social networks are one of the more notable sociological phenomena of the last years. Moreover, its apparition and acceptance by majority of the citizens also suppose an important challenge for the firms. Social networks are a new and relevant channel of communication and interaction with their consumers. For this, firms have to create their own place in the social network and actively manage the content that shares and the dialogue that is supported by their followers. In the first part of this paper, the authors explain the creation of an index to evaluate the presence of the companies in the social network more used to international level, Facebook. The Facebook Assessment Index (FAI) is formed by several indicators grouped in three dimensions: popularity, interactivity, and content. In the second part, the authors applied this index to the 150 largest firms according to Fortune 2011 ranking. At present, only 44% of these firms tested had an international official Facebook page. The results showed that the larger firms are those that in general terms best manage their presence on Facebook, have the greatest number of followers and a high degree of interactivity with them. However, the most interesting contribution of this work lies not in identifying firms that achieve higher scores on the FAI, but in comparing the pages with each other and making suggestions of ideas and practices that may improve a firm's Facebook presence as a marketing tool.

5684 ; This work is aimed at analyzing potential links between reverse logistics and urban logistics and describing opportunities for collaboration between both areas of research. A description of the current state-of-the-art is provided in order to highlight the main challenges faced by both disciplines. For example, regarding reverse logistics, new recovery options, marketing strategies for recovered products, and legislation issues on the return of products in specific contexts; in regards to urban logistics, long-term planning, stakeholders' engagement, information management, efficiency, reliability and safety, and new business models are some of such key challenges. Despite the growing interest shown in both logistics areas and their relevance for companies and consumers, reverse logistics and urban logistics are two concepts that are still somewhat unknown and, above all, treated as being relatively separated. However, there exist some aspectswhere the two disciplines converge and thatmay represent opportunities for collaboration, for example, the proper treatment and management of urban waste, and the efficient management of commercial refunds and returns. In addition, other key issues, such as land use, city typology, infrastructures, and stakeholders' engagement should be further analyzed in order to keep advancing in the description of links between both areas. ; SI

Purpose
The purpose of this study is firstly to analyze whether the determining factors of the entrepreneurial intention of academics are the same for men and women and test whether their degree of importance varies depending on gender, and secondly to test whether the lesser entrepreneurial intention of women detected in previous studies is because of the lesser presence of the determining factors of entrepreneurial intention among women or, on the contrary, is determined by the existence of implicit barriers that do not depend on these factors.


Design/methodology/approach
After conducting a survey on a sample of 1,178 academics, the results of a linear regression model confirm the hypothesis that female academics have less of an entrepreneurial intention.


Findings
Moreover, through the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition, it is observed that this lesser female entrepreneurial behavior is not because of the absence of any of the factors considered as determinants of entrepreneurial intention, but instead is related to the existence of implicit barriers for women that influence their entrepreneurial intention.


Originality/value
To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that a study of this nature has been conducted internationally. Unlike other studies on academic entrepreneurship, the authors do not restrict the sample to one or two universities but rather aim the study at all universities in Spain and, therefore, at all academics from all branches of knowledge.

PurposeThis work tries to shed light on what factors can influence, positively or negatively, the decision to license a patent from a university, in order to offer some recommendations that can contribute to increasing the number of patents licensed from universities.Design/methodology/approachBased on a sample of researchers at Spanish universities who have already registered patents, this work shows that the individual factors of the researcher outweigh the institutional factors in determining the decision to patent an invention. Likewise, the probability of patenting an invention is higher when the researcher's level of participation in the process is greater.FindingsThe results of our study allow us to affirm that, in the Spanish university setting, individual factors play a more important role in one's decision to license a patent than institutional factors. In this sense, the collaboration of companies or experts from outside of academia in the research from which the patent was granted is the most relevant factor.Originality/valueThis work, the first study of this type to be carried out in Europe, concludes with a recommendation for reinforcing the structure and functionality of technology transfer offices as a basic policy for the promotion and facilitation of commercial exploitation of innovation in the universities.