Suchergebnisse

Abstract
In 2013–2015, a consortium of European scientists – NEWDANUBE – was established to prepare a birth cohort in the Danube region, including most of the countries with the highest air pollution in Europe, the area being one-fifth of the European Union's (EU's) territory, including 14 countries (nine EU member states), over 100 million inhabitants, with numerous challenges: big socioeconomic disparities, and a region-specific environmental pollution. The consortium reflects the EU Strategy for the Danube Region Strategy (2010), which identified 11 thematic Priority Areas – one of which is the environmental risks. Birth cohorts have been established in all other areas of Europe and collaborative efforts in promoting maternal and fetal health by minimizing the environmental exposures have been initiated with national, European, and international financial support. A birth cohort in the Danube area could apply the established methodologies for prenatal exposure and birth outcome measurements and establish a platform for targeted health promotion in couples planning pregnancies. The consortium included a strong socioeconomic part focusing on the participant's active registration of exposures to environmental toxicants and health indicators of disease and wellbeing, combined with investigation of their risk-reducing behavior and interventions to change their lifestyle to avoid the adverse health risks. Willingness to pay for reducing the health risks in children is also proposed to be estimated. Further collaboration and networking is encouraged as the Danube region has several decades of experience and expertise in biomonitoring adult populations exposed environmentally or occupationally. Additionally, some countries in the Danube region launched small-scale birth cohorts encouraged by participation in several ongoing research projects.

In 2013-2015, a consortium of European scientists - NEWDANUBE - was established to prepare a birth cohort in the Danube region, including most of the countries with the highest air pollution in Europe, the area being one-fifth of the European Union's (EU's) territory, including 14 countries (nine EU member states), over 100 million inhabitants, with numerous challenges: big socioeconomic disparities, and a region-specific environmental pollution. The consortium reflects the EU Strategy for the Danube Region Strategy (2010), which identified 11 thematic Priority Areas - one of which is the environmental risks. Birth cohorts have been established in all other areas of Europe and collaborative efforts in promoting maternal and fetal health by minimizing the environmental exposures have been initiated with national, European, and international financial support. A birth cohort in the Danube area could apply the established methodologies for prenatal exposure and birth outcome measurements and establish a platform for targeted health promotion in couples planning pregnancies. The consortium included a strong socioeconomic part focusing on the participant's active registration of exposures to environmental toxicants and health indicators of disease and wellbeing, combined with investigation of their risk-reducing behavior and interventions to change their lifestyle to avoid the adverse health risks. Willingness to pay for reducing the health risks in children is also proposed to be estimated. Further collaboration and networking is encouraged as the Danube region has several decades of experience and expertise in biomonitoring adult populations exposed environmentally or occupationally. Additionally, some countries in the Danube region launched small-scale birth cohorts encouraged by participation in several ongoing research projects.

International audience ; Background: Due to global mercury pollution and the adverse health effects of prenatal exposure to methylmercury (MeHg), an assessment of the economic benefits of prevented developmental neurotoxicity is necessary for any cost-benefit analysis.Methods: Distributions of hair-Hg concentrations among women of reproductive age were obtained from the DEMOCOPHES project (1,875 subjects in 17 countries) and literature data (6,820 subjects from 8 countries). The exposures were assumed to comply with log-normal distributions. Neurotoxicity effects were estimated from a linear dose-response function with a slope of 0.465 Intelligence Quotient (IQ) point reduction per μg/g increase in the maternal hair-Hg concentration during pregnancy, assuming no deficits below a hair-Hg limit of 0.58 μg/g thought to be safe. A logarithmic IQ response was used in sensitivity analyses. The estimated IQ benefit cost was based on lifetime income, adjusted for purchasing power parity.Results: The hair-mercury concentrations were the highest in Southern Europe and lowest in Eastern Europe. The results suggest that, within the EU, more than 1.8 million children are born every year with MeHg exposures above the limit of 0.58 μg/g, and about 200,000 births exceed a higher limit of 2.5 μg/g proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The total annual benefits of exposure prevention within the EU were estimated at more than 600,000 IQ points per year, corresponding to a total economic benefit between €8,000 million and €9,000 million per year. About four-fold higher values were obtained when using the logarithmic response function, while adjustment for productivity resulted in slightly lower total benefits. These calculations do not include the less tangible advantages of protecting brain development against neurotoxicity or any other adverse effects.Conclusions: These estimates document that efforts to combat mercury pollution and to reduce MeHg exposures will have very substantial economic benefits in Europe, mainly ...

International audience ; Background: Due to global mercury pollution and the adverse health effects of prenatal exposure to methylmercury (MeHg), an assessment of the economic benefits of prevented developmental neurotoxicity is necessary for any cost-benefit analysis.Methods: Distributions of hair-Hg concentrations among women of reproductive age were obtained from the DEMOCOPHES project (1,875 subjects in 17 countries) and literature data (6,820 subjects from 8 countries). The exposures were assumed to comply with log-normal distributions. Neurotoxicity effects were estimated from a linear dose-response function with a slope of 0.465 Intelligence Quotient (IQ) point reduction per μg/g increase in the maternal hair-Hg concentration during pregnancy, assuming no deficits below a hair-Hg limit of 0.58 μg/g thought to be safe. A logarithmic IQ response was used in sensitivity analyses. The estimated IQ benefit cost was based on lifetime income, adjusted for purchasing power parity.Results: The hair-mercury concentrations were the highest in Southern Europe and lowest in Eastern Europe. The results suggest that, within the EU, more than 1.8 million children are born every year with MeHg exposures above the limit of 0.58 μg/g, and about 200,000 births exceed a higher limit of 2.5 μg/g proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The total annual benefits of exposure prevention within the EU were estimated at more than 600,000 IQ points per year, corresponding to a total economic benefit between €8,000 million and €9,000 million per year. About four-fold higher values were obtained when using the logarithmic response function, while adjustment for productivity resulted in slightly lower total benefits. These calculations do not include the less tangible advantages of protecting brain development against neurotoxicity or any other adverse effects.Conclusions: These estimates document that efforts to combat mercury pollution and to reduce MeHg exposures will have very substantial economic benefits in Europe, mainly ...

International audience ; Background: Due to global mercury pollution and the adverse health effects of prenatal exposure to methylmercury (MeHg), an assessment of the economic benefits of prevented developmental neurotoxicity is necessary for any cost-benefit analysis.Methods: Distributions of hair-Hg concentrations among women of reproductive age were obtained from the DEMOCOPHES project (1,875 subjects in 17 countries) and literature data (6,820 subjects from 8 countries). The exposures were assumed to comply with log-normal distributions. Neurotoxicity effects were estimated from a linear dose-response function with a slope of 0.465 Intelligence Quotient (IQ) point reduction per μg/g increase in the maternal hair-Hg concentration during pregnancy, assuming no deficits below a hair-Hg limit of 0.58 μg/g thought to be safe. A logarithmic IQ response was used in sensitivity analyses. The estimated IQ benefit cost was based on lifetime income, adjusted for purchasing power parity.Results: The hair-mercury concentrations were the highest in Southern Europe and lowest in Eastern Europe. The results suggest that, within the EU, more than 1.8 million children are born every year with MeHg exposures above the limit of 0.58 μg/g, and about 200,000 births exceed a higher limit of 2.5 μg/g proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The total annual benefits of exposure prevention within the EU were estimated at more than 600,000 IQ points per year, corresponding to a total economic benefit between €8,000 million and €9,000 million per year. About four-fold higher values were obtained when using the logarithmic response function, while adjustment for productivity resulted in slightly lower total benefits. These calculations do not include the less tangible advantages of protecting brain development against neurotoxicity or any other adverse effects.Conclusions: These estimates document that efforts to combat mercury pollution and to reduce MeHg exposures will have very substantial economic benefits in Europe, mainly ...

This document was produced under the SINPHONIE (Schools Indoor Pollution and Health – Observatory Network in Europe) project, funded by the European Parliament and carried out under a contract with the European Commission's Directorate-General for Health and Consumers (DG SANCO) (SANCO/2009/C4/04, contract SI2.570742). The co-authors of this report wish to express their deep gratitude to all of their collaborators for their outstanding contribution to the execution of the SINPHONIE project and the preparation of the guidelines for healthy environments within European schools. Special recognition goes to the teachers, pupils and parents who participated in the SINPHONIE project, for their enthusiasm and close cooperation. ; This document describes the guidelines framework for healthy environments within European schools which was developed within SINPHONIE (Schools Indoor Pollution and Health – Observatory Network in Europe) project. Its objective is to provide a reference guide which links together both coherently and comprehensively the most up-to-date knowledge informed by the outcome of the SINPHONIE project. This includes key drivers and prevention, control, remediation and communication strategies for a healthy school environment in Europe. These guidelines for healthy environments within European schools are primarily directed at the relevant policy-makers at both European and national levels and at local authorities aiming to improve the indoor school environment in their countries while respecting the specificities (environmental, social, economic) of their national and local situations. A second target group which is expected to benefit directly from these guidelines includes school-building designers and managers (responsible for the design, construction and renovation of school buildings), schoolchildren and their parents, teachers and other school staff. Users of this guidance should consult relevant national guidance in the first instance and use this publication to access supplementary information. ; N/A

We conducted imputation to the 1000 Genomes Project of four genome-wide association studies of lung cancer in populations of European ancestry (11,348 cases and 15,861 controls) and genotyped an additional 10,246 cases and 38,295 controls for follow-up. We identified large-effect genome-wide associations for squamous lung cancer with the rare variants BRCA2 p.Lys3326X (rs11571833, odds ratio (OR) = 2.47, P = 4.74 × 10−20) and CHEK2 p.Ile157Thr (rs17879961, OR = 0.38, P = 1.27 × 10−13). We also showed an association between common variation at 3q28 (TP63, rs13314271, OR = 1.13, P = 7.22 × 10−10) and lung adenocarcinoma that had been previously reported only in Asians. These findings provide further evidence for inherited genetic susceptibility to lung cancer and its biological basis. Additionally, our analysis demonstrates that imputation can identify rare disease-causing variants with substantive effects on cancer risk from preexisting genome-wide association study data. ; We acknowledge The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for their contribution of lung cancer genomic data to this study (TCGA Project Number 3230). We also acknowledge support from the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the Royal Marsden Hospital. This study was supported by the NIH (U19CA148127, R01CA055769, 5R01CA127219, 5R01CA133996 and 5R01CA121197). The work performed at ICR was supported by Cancer Research UK (C1298/A8780 and C1298/A8362), National Cancer Research Network (NCRN), HEAL, Sanofi-Aventis and National Health Service funding to the Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, as well as the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre. B.K. was the recipient of a Sir John Fisher Foundation PhD studentship. Work at ICR was also supported by NIH GM103534 and the Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences at Dartmouth to C.I.A. The work performed in Toronto was supported by The Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute (020214), Ontario Institute of Cancer and Cancer Care Ontario Chair Award to R.J.H. and G.L. and the Alan Brown Chair and Lusi Wong Programs at the Princess Margaret Hospital Foundation. The work performed at Heidelberg was supported by Deutsche Krebshilfe (70-2387 and 70-2919) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (EPIC-Heidelberg). The work performed at IARC was supported by the Institut National du Cancer, France, the European Community (LSHG-CT-2005-512113), the Norwegian Cancer Association, the Functional Genomics Programme of Research Council of Norway, the European Regional Development Fund and the State Budget of the Czech Republic (RECAMO, CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0101), the NIH (R01-CA111703 and UO1-CA63673), the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, the US NCI (R01 CA092039), an FP7 grant (REGPOT 245536), the Estonian Government (SF0180142s08), the EU European Regional Development Fund in the frame of Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Estonian Research Infrastructure's Roadmap and the University of Tartu (SP1GVARENG) and an IARC Postdoctoral Fellowship (M.N.T.). Work at the NCI was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, the NCI, US Public Health Service contracts NCI (N01-CN-45165, N01-RC-45035, N01-RC-37004, NO1-CN-25514, NO1-CN-25515, NO1-CN-25512, NO1-CN-25513, NO1-CN-25516, NO1-CN-25511, NO1-CN-25524, NO1-CN-25518, NO1-CN-75022, NO1-CN-25476 and NO1-CN-25404), the American Cancer Society, the NIH Genes, Environment and Health Initiative in part by HG-06-033-NCI-01 and RO1HL091172-01, genotyping at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Inherited Disease Research (U01HG004438 and NIH HHSN268200782096C) and study coordination at the GENEVA Coordination Center (U01 HG004446). Work was also supported by NIH grants (P50 CA70907, R01CA121197, RO1 CA127219, U19 CA148127 and RO1 CA55769) and a Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas grant (RP100443). Genotyping was provided by the Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR). Work performed at Harvard was supported by the NIH (CA074386, CA092824 and CA090578). The Icelandic study was supported in part by NIH DA17932.

To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field. ; Three genome-wide association studies in Europe and the USA have reported eight urinary bladder cancer (UBC) susceptibility loci. Using extended case and control series and 1000 Genomes imputations of 5 340 737 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we searched for additional loci in the European GWAS. The discovery sample set consisted of 1631 cases and 3822 controls from the Netherlands and 603 cases and 37 781 controls from Iceland. For follow-up, we used 3790 cases and 7507 controls from 13 sample sets of European and Iranian ancestry. Based on the discovery analysis, we followed up signals in the urea transporter (UT) gene SLC14A. The strongest signal at this locus was represented by a SNP in intron 3, rs17674580, that reached genome-wide significance in the overall analysis of the discovery and follow-up groups: odds ratio = 1.17, P = 7.6 × 10(-11). SLC14A1 codes for UTs that define the Kidd blood group and are crucial for the maintenance of a constant urea concentration gradient in the renal medulla and, through this, the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. It is speculated that rs17674580, or other sequence variants in LD with it, indirectly modifies UBC risk by affecting urine production. If confirmed, this would support the 'urogenous contact hypothesis' that urine production and voiding frequency modify the risk of UBC. ; info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/018827 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/218071 Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre (RUNMC) Prinses Beatrix Fonds VSB Fonds National Institute of Mental Health (NIH/NIMH) MH078075 Cancer Research UK Yorkshire Cancer Research European Union 513943 Compagnia di San Paolo-Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF) Italian Association for Cancer Research, Italy Piedmont Region Progetti di Ricerca Sanitaria Finalizzata Flemish government Belgian province of Limburg Swedish Cancer Society Swedish Research Council Shiraz Institute for Cancer ...