Suchergebnisse

Vernetzung als Anforderung an eine moderne Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik ist das zentrale Motiv dieser Arbeit. Revolution in Military Affairs ist ein wissenschaftlicher Begriff für eine militärische Transformation, in deren Mittelpunkt die Verbesserung oder Herstellung von Vernetzung zwischen militärischen Einheiten innerhalb einer Teilstreitkraft und zwischen den verschiedenen Teilstreitkräften steht. Hierauf aufbauend wurde Vernetzung als zentrales Konzept und Instrument auch in Debatten um nicht-militärische Aspekte von Sicherheitspolitik eingeführt. In der deutschsprachigen Debatte hat sich für diese Anwendung der Ideen der Revolution in Military Affairs auf den gesamten Bereich von Sicherheitspolitik der Begriff Vernetzte Sicherheit entwickelt. Diese sicherheitspolitische, politikpraktische und wissenschaftliche Debatte bietet den Hintergrund der in dieser politikwissenschaftlichen Dissertationsschrift zusammengeführten fünf Publikationen. Das zweite Kapitel arbeitet die Rezeption der wissenschaftlichen Debatte um die Revolution in Military Affairs im deutschen Sprachraum auf. Das dritte Kapitel ist in Ko-Autorenschaft mit Dr. Mischa Hansel erstellt worden und untersucht erstens die rüstungspolitischen Beschaffungsprogramme von 33 Staaten vor dem Hintergrund der Revolution in Military Affairs und zweitens zwei theoriebasierte unabhängige Variablen für die Ursachen der Revolution in Military Affairs. Das vierte Kapitel führt eine theoriegeleitete Außenpolitikanalyse (Governmental Politics Model) zur Umsetzung institutioneller Reformen gemäß den Anforderungen Vernetzter Sicherheit in der deutschen Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik durch. Das fünfte Kapitel führt die sprichwörtliche Zurückhaltung in der deutschen Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik auf fehlende Fähigkeiten und Instrumente zurück. Das sechste Kapitel untersucht die bürokratische Zusammenarbeit im Feld der Zivilen Verteidigung und des Zivilschutzes aus Perspektive der Anforderungen Vernetzter Sicherheit.

Armament policies are determined by domestic rather than international politics according to liberal IR perspectives. More specifically, military transformation processes in democratic countries are understood as being informed by the political need to limit the number of casualties during military operations. Consequently, liberal scholars assume a distinct democratic eagerness to resort to precision-guided munitions, drones, or even cyber attacks. Our analysis challenges this explanation of democratic armament policies. We evaluate the timing and programmatic choices of armament policies of 33 countries, democratic and non-democratic, combining different indicators of information technology procurement and usage by national militaries. Based on this data, countries are categorized into Revolution in Military Affairs leaders, uppers, followers, stragglers, entrants, and non-participants. Finally, we test the explanatory power of two competing independent variables, representing casualty shyness versus capability-based explanations of military transformation processes. Our results show that realist assumptions yield strong correlations, while liberal assumptions do not produce statistically significant results.

Armament policies are determined by domestic rather than international politics according to liberal IR perspectives. More specifically, military transformation processes in democratic countries are understood as being informed by the political need to limit the number of casualties during military operations. Consequently, liberal scholars assume a distinct democratic eagerness to resort to precision-guided munitions, drones, or even cyber attacks. Our analysis challenges this explanation of democratic armament policies. We evaluate the timing and programmatic choices of armament policies of 33 countries, democratic and non-democratic, combining different indicators of information technology procurement and usage by national militaries. Based on this data, countries are categorized into Revolution in Military Affairs leaders, uppers, followers, stragglers, entrants, and non-participants. Finally, we test the explanatory power of two competing independent variables, representing casualty shyness versus capability-based explanations of military transformation processes. Our results show that realist assumptions yield strong correlations, while liberal assumptions do not produce statistically significant results.

IntroductionAn ample scholarly literature on voluntary migration has shown that migration is a highly selective process, resulting in migrant populations that often differ significantly from their respective population of origin in terms of their socio-demographic characteristics. The literature attributes these differences to either migrants' active choice and agency in the migration decision (i.e., self-selection), or to selectively applied external constraints. Although the socio-demographic make-up of forced migrant populations has received significant attention in public discourses in receiving countries such as Germany and Turkey, the literature on migrant selection largely focuses on voluntary migration and self-selection mechanisms. As a result, the selection mechanisms of forcibly displaced persons are less well-understood. Particularly in the context of forced migration, the conditions for migration fluctuate heavily within a relatively short time span, e.g., regarding immigration policies and border controls. In this study we contribute to that literature by exploring the changing conditions under which Syrians sought international humanitarian protection between 2013 and 2017 and linking them to the selection outcomes in three major receiving countries: Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany.MethodsBased on novel household survey data, we compare age, gender, socio-economic background, and family context of the Syrian populations in Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany by arrival cohort (2013–2017). In a narrative approach, we combine the cohort analysis of Syrians in Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany with contextual analyses of the (changing) frameworks governing refugee migration in transit and destination countries and descriptive analyses of changing risk levels along migration routes into Europe.ResultsOur analyses reveal that higher external barriers coincide with a stronger selection in migrants' socio-demographic make-up. In particular, riskier routes and higher entry barriers are associated with a lower share of female migrants, a lower share traveling with family members, and a higher socio-economic background.DiscussionIn this study, we describe differences in forced migrants' selection outcomes in countries of first refuge neighboring the origin country, relative to a reception country in the global north. By establishing legal and political frameworks as well as the accessibility of routes as external barriers to forced migration we expand on the existing theoretical approaches to selection effects and identify a need for policy intervention to ensure equitable access to humanitarian protection.