Suchergebnisse

Italy has been the first Western Country to suffer a massive outbreak of COVID-19. Starting from the 11st of March 2020, the Italian Government approved a series of emergency restrictive measures to limit people's movement and social contacts. The aim of this short paper is to test if the number of norm-violations (related to people's movement) might contribute to the peaks of new COVID-19 positives after few days. We show that peaks in the violations of the lockdown norms correspond to peaks in new positive cases about 6 days later.

Economic polarisation in a society may be defined as the creation of groups with strong within-group identity and significant distance from other groups, where the distance is measured in terms of income. The literature on social conflicts considers polarisation a menace to political stability. Italy is characterised by a wide economic divide between the north and the south. This paper investigates the polarisation among Italian macro-regions in 2004-2016. We find that polarisation is low across the country. Paradoxically, the large inequalities inside each region, by hampering the formation of group identity, have hindered the increase in polarisation.

Riassunto analitico: La Cultura della salute a tutela del diritto al lavoro e alla salute La presente tesi cerca di offrire una visione del tema della Salute e sicurezza sui luoghi di lavoro. Il Lavoro è un diritto riconosciuto dalla Costituzione (art. 4) ed è sempre stato considerato un valore, crea coesione sociale e sviluppa le identità personali; ma spesso capita che le persone perdano la vita durante l'espletamento di questo diritto venendo meno a un altro diritto tutelato dallo stato che è la salute (art. 32). In Italia nel 2008 è stato emanato il decreto n. 81, che racchiudeva tutte le leggi emanate in passato sul tema. Una delle novità introdotta fu la Valutazione obbligatoria di tutti i rischi, che deve compiere il datore di lavoro nella propria azienda pubblica o privata. Ogni ambiente di lavoro presenta dei rischi, individuarli, valutarli permetterà di eliminarli o di ridurre l'entità del pericolo. Ridurre un rischio è possibile, mediante l'utilizzo di azioni di prevenzione, o informando i lavoratori del probabile pericolo, quest'ultimo caso è un elemento importantissimo, in quanto la maggior parte degli incidenti sul lavoro si verificano a causa di comportamenti insicuri o errati dei lavoratori. Per questo motivo solo con una Cultura della sicurezza, fatta di conoscenze, informazioni, formazione, partecipazione, le persone potranno per prime chiedere luoghi di lavoro più sicuri e saranno più responsabili e pronti a fronteggiare i pericoli che incontreranno nell'espletamento del loro diritto.

This conceptual paper reviews four dimensions of the climate change (CC) debate concerning perception, framing, and political and economic dimensions of CC. It attempts to address the question posed by sociological research as to what can be done to reduce the social forces driving CC. In doing so, it attempts to uncover mechanisms that delay or prevent the social change required to combat CC. Such mechanisms call into question the Ecological Modernization Theory's assumption that modern societies embrace environmental sustainability with no radical intervention to change the social, political, and economic order. It specifically considers how the representation of CC as a distant phenomenon, in both temporal and physical terms, might contribute to social disengagement. A reflection on the interdependencies among science, political economy, media, and individual perceptions guides this paper. All these social forces also shape the CC discourse in diverse ways according to the evolution of the phenomenon over time (in scientific, but also in political and economic terms) and in relation to its spatial dimension (global/national/local). The variety of climate discourses contributes to increasing political uncertainty; however, this is not the only factor that generates confusion around the CC. Multiple and contrasting information might trigger a "blaming/empowering game" that works at various levels. This mechanism simultaneously promotes the necessity for sustainable development and perpetuates "business as usual‐oriented" practices. Implementing sustainable development is therefore constantly undermined by a difficulty in identifying "heroes" and "devils" in the context of CC.

This article uses adopts a revised version of the concept of techno-environmental habitus to investigate and make sense of the differentiation among digital technology users' attitudes towards the environment in England. Digital–environmental habitus refers to the combination of structural determinants (existing background) and the metabolised increased use of digital technologies in people's everyday life that also interacts with individual environmental attitudes. The results of a national survey among English parents between 20 and 55 years suggest that parents' education levels, gender, age and income play a role in increasing their awareness about the environmental-friendly use of digital technologies. This study shows that the digital–environmental habitus of parents in England is layered according to the combination of existing socioeconomic traits and individual capacity and willingness to adapt to a drastic increase in both the use of digital technologies (due to the social distancing imposed by the pandemic) and environmental degradation.

The COVID-19 pandemic erupted during the climate change (CC) crisis, forcing individuals to adapt abruptly to a new scenario, and triggering changes in everyone's lifestyles. Based on a sample of the UK population ( N = 1013), this paper investigates how the COVID-19 pandemic invited/forced individuals to reflect upon a more sustainable way of life (which might be enhanced by the use of digital technologies for daily activities) and to (re)consider the anthropogenic impact on the environment. The results show that older individuals tend to be less sceptic around the human impact on CC. Other control variables such as income, gender and employment status have a limited impact on this attitude towards CC. Secondly, the findings indicate a clear separation between those with a minimal level of education, who support the natural origin of CC, while individuals with a higher level of education believe that CC is caused by human actions. Finally, on average, younger and more educated individuals tend to associate the COVID-19 pandemic with an opportunity to promote an eco-friendly world and to adopt an eco-sustainable approach.

This article explores British newspaper descriptions of the impact of climate change across three time periods. It shows a reduction in representing the consequences of climate change as 'out of human control'. It also shows a decrease in adopting alarming and uncertain descriptions within the centre-left group, whereas mocking the effects of climate change is a peculiarity of right-leaning narratives. The complexity of climate narratives produces a variety of representations of the consequences of climate change, which in turn might increase 'uncertainty' in public understanding of climate change.

En las relaciones de pareja -matrimoniales o convivenciales-, la violencia del hombre hacia la mujer ha sufrido un importante crecimiento cuantitativo y cualitativo en los últimos años, lo que es puesto en evidencia en los datos estadísticos proporcionados por organismos del Estado nacional y de los Estados provinciales. Sin embargo, no se trata de una problemática de reciente aparición, por el contrario, es un flagelo que hace siglos afecta gravemente a la sociedad de nuestro país y de todo el mundo. Constituye el resultado de prácticas culturales destinadas al sostenimiento de un sistema patriarcal tradicional, caracterizado en el ámbito intrafamiliar por la relación de poder existente entre los miembros de la pareja. Con el presente trabajo se persigue indagar las construcciones históricas y culturales que perpetúan esta modalidad de violencia y analizar las medidas y respuestas que para su prevención y cese ha implementado el Estado a través de legislación específica sancionada sobre esta problemática.AbstractIn marital relationships or convivial, male violence against women has been a major quantitative and qualitative growth in recent years, which is revealed in the statistical data provided by government agencies national and provinces. However, there is an emerging problem, however, is a scourge for centuries seriously affects society in our country and around the world. It is the result of cultural practices aimed at sustaining a traditional patriarchal system characterized in the domestic sphere by the power relationship between the partners. In this paper seeks to investigate the historical and cultural constructions that perpetuate this kind of violence and analyze the measures and responses to prevention and cessation has implemented through the State enacted specific legislation on this issue.Key words: Violence against women; Relationship of power and asymmetry in copules; Legislation on family violence; Statistics

This article aims to discuss the possibility that cohousing communities might combine both civil engagement and governance systems in order to simultaneously generate three forms of social capital: bonding, bridging, and linking social capitals. Cohousing communities intend to create a 'self-sufficient micro-cosmos', but struggle against the relationships of 'anonymous' neighbourhood. Cohousers build their bonding social capital through the creation of a supportive (formal and informal) network within the community; while at the same time they develop bridging social capital when they try to integrate with the wider context, by organizing activities and making available spaces towards the outside. Finally, when cohousers try to collaborate with external partners (e.g. non-profit organizations and public institutions) they build linking social capital in relation to the ideas, information and advantages obtained through the collaboration with these institutions.

On the basis of the literature (produced mainly by sociologists, architects, and geographers) about gated and cohousing communities, this work analyzes how these communities differ from each other. The analysis suggests that cohousing and gated communities are different in the nature of relationships between residents and in the reasons why they arise, even if there are some points of similarity. The risk of a degeneration of cohousing in the gated type is linked in particular with a complete transformation of the grass‐roots model (typical of cohousing) to the top‐down speculative scheme (typical of gated communities).

La ricerca mette in evidenza come la pubblicitŕ imponga una particolare veste estetica allo spazio urbano. Il lavoro si basa sull'analisi e sul confronto del tessuto urbano di due cittŕ molto diverse da ogni punto di vista (economico, sociale, politico): Milano e Bratislava. Lo studio evidenzia le nuove modalitŕ di utilizzo del linguaggio pubblicitario e le sue applicazioni nel contesto urbano: Bratislava ha una conformazione piů caotica risultante dalla diffusione "selvaggia" della pubblicitŕ; Milano, al contrario, č caratterizzata da un modello di pubblicitŕ che tende a "mimetizzarsi" nel tessuto urbano. I processi comunicativi agiscono sulle esperienze di consumo degli individui influenzando le loro scelte in termini di stili di vita, abitudini, luoghi di consumo; cosě, gli stessi luoghi di consumo si trasformano, dando vita ad una nuova architettura della cittŕ.