Suchergebnisse

El tema de la memoria ocupa hoy un lugar central en el debate político y académico. A raíz de la conmemoración de los treinta años del golpe militar en nuestro país, algunas voces hablan de un estallido de memoria, cuestión que se manifestó con fuerza indiscutible en los medios de comunicación, y en la realización de múltiples actividades —exposiciones, seminarios, lanzamiento de libros— que invitaban a revisar nuestra historia reciente. Esta explosión de memoria, o, más bien, de memorias diversas y en muchos casos antagónicas, se da en un contexto transicional en el que se han puesto en juego múltiples intentos y mecanismos políticos orientados a silenciarla, comprimirla y desactivarla.

We report the results of a taxonomic revision of the species of Bryconamericus from the Amazon River Basin of Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and the Pacific coastal rivers of Peru. Based on morphological analyses, four valid species are recognized: B. bolivianus Pearson 1924, B. osgoodi Eigenmann & Allen 1942, B. pachacuti Eigenmann 1927 and B. phoenicopterus (Cope 1872). Three new species are described: B. lambayequensis sp. n. from the Cañariaco River, Pacific coast, Peru and two from the Amazon River Basin: B. abalio sp. n. from the Ucayali River drainage, Peru, and B. parapetiensis sp. n. from Itenez/Parapeti, Amazonia, Bolivia. Two species are synonymized and one was recently assigned to another genus: Bryconamericus alfredae is considered a junior synonym of Acrobrycon ipanquianus; Bryconamericus grosvenori is a junior synonym of B. bolivianus. A taxonomic key to these species of Bryconamericus and comments on the conservation status of the Amazonian and Pacific coast freshwater ichthyofauna are also included.

In this study we analyze the bases of environment and climate change management for 12 counties of Quindío department, Colombia. A documentary review, analysis of data and observations obtained on environmental management in the context of climate change and analysis in territorial planning and development plans of two administrative periods (2012-2015 and 2016-2019). It was found that the models and guidelines for progress on these issues have not been effectively implemented by some administrations or the inclusion of the environmental and climate change incomplete, in the territorial ordering of the respective counties administrations, in the sense of establishing effective environmental protection and prevention measures. This is due to the prevailing economic model and/or in cases, for example, to the conflicts of interest of the people who carry out and project the tools in the context of sustainable planning and development. Therefore, confronting existing environmental management challenges in light of the requirements of climate change at the state level requires an understanding of the complex dimensions of the territory in coordination with the identity of communities in that territory, instead of imposing and imported development model. ; En este trabajo se analizan las bases de la gestión ambiental frente al cambio climático en los 12 municipios del departamento de Quindío, Colombia. Se efectúo una revisión documental y análisis de datos y observaciones obtenidos sobre la gestión ambiental en el marco de cambio y análisis climático en la planificación territorial y planes de desarrollo sobre dos vigencias administrativas (2012–2015 y 2016-2019). Se encontró que las directrices para el progreso no han sido implementadas efectivamente en algunas administraciones o es incompleta la inclusión del tema ambiental y climático, en el ordenamiento territorial de las respectivas administraciones municipales, en el sentido de establecer medidas de protección y prevención ambiental efectivas. Lo anterior se debe al modelo económico imperante y/o en casos, por ejemplo, a los conflictos de interés de las personas que realizan y proyectan las herramientas en el contexto de la planificación y desarrollo sustentable. Por tanto, enfrentar desafíos de gestión ambiental a la luz de los requisitos del cambio climático a nivel de los gobiernos locales requiere una comprensión de las complejas dimensiones del territorio y la coordinación con la identidad del mismo, más allá de un modelo desarrollo impuesto.

Hemibrycon guejarensis, new species, is described from the Güejar River, La Macarena mountain range, upper Guaviare River drainage, Colombia. The new species is distinguished from most cis-Andean congeners (H. jabonero Lake Maracaibo and adjacent Caribbean drainages, H. metae which is found in the Guavio River, some Orinoco and Caribbean River drainages in Venezuela, and H. taeniurus from Trinidad and adjacent mainland drainages in Venezuela) in having ii, 7, i dorsal-fin rays (vs. ii, 8). H. guejarensis is further distinguished from H. taeniurus and H. jabonero, in having a wider second pigment layer in the humeral spot (covering 3 vs. 2 scale widths). H. guejarensis is very similar to H. metae (an allopatric species also present in streams of the Orinoco River Basin in Venezuela and Colombia and some Venezuelan Caribbean drainages). Hemibrycon guejarensis is distinguishedby the orientation of the dorsal lateral-line canal which crosses the ventral part of the humeral spot transversely vs. horizontally across dorsal part of spot in the holotype of H. metae and Orinoco and Caribbean populations. H. guejarensis differs from H. metae in having the tip of the pectoral fin passing the pelvic-fin insertions (vs. pectoral fin tip not reaching pelvic-fin insertions). We identify populations previously considered as Hemibrycon metae from Venezuelan Orinoco River Basin piedmont streams and Caribbean drainages to be instead H. jabonero and H. taeniurus. Careful analysis of these populations indicated that all of them differ from the H. metae holotype and topotypic specimens in pelvic fin and postorbital lengths.

Based on 69 specimens, using morphometric, meristic and osteological characters, we describe a new species of Hemibrycon from the Rancheria River, a Caribbean coastal drainage of eastern Colombia that drains the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. H. santamartae is distinguished from congeners by the following: presence of small hooks on the first six to eight branched analfin rays of males, with two to four hooks on only the middle sections of the rays; adipose fin pigmented but with hyaline margins; an apophysis present on the dorsal margin of the rhinosphenoids that is directed toward the anterior tip; ventral process of the angulo-articular reduced and with a straight margin. Data on the phylogenetic position of the new species are presented.

The dietary avoidance of allergens has been widely recognized as the key intervention in the management of food allergies, but the presence of undeclared allergens makes compliance difficult. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of undeclared allergens in food labeling through RASFF notifications in the European Union, focusing on those allergens that frequently affect the pediatric population and the implicated products, so as to provide useful information for its risk evaluation and the development of educational materials for patients. The results showed milk (20.5%), gluten (14.8%), and nuts (10.9%) to be the pediatric allergens with higher presences. In 80% of the notifications concerning milk and milk derivatives, the specific compound present (lactose or lactoprotein) was not identified. They were mainly present in cereal and bakery products, prepared dishes and snacks, and cacao and confectionery products, all of which are frequently consumed by the pediatric population. The large quantity (7.6%) of undeclared allergens in "free-from-allergen" products was also remarkable, especially in regard to the supposedly not-present allergens. Undeclared allergens in food products pose an evident risk for allergic patients and knowledge of them should take a relevant role in a patient's nutritional education. It is also necessary to raise awareness among manufacturers and safety authorities. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

The interaction of ultrashort, high intensity laser pulses with thin foil targets leads to ion acceleration on the target rear surface. To make this ion source useful for applications, it is important to optimize the transfer of energy from the laser into the accelerated ions. One of the most promising ways to achieve this consists in engineering the target front by introducing periodic nanostructures. In this paper, the effect of these structures on ion acceleration is studied analytically and with multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations.Weassessed the role of the structure shape, size, and the angle of laser incidence for obtaining the efficient energy transfer. Local control of electron trajectories is exploited to maximize the energy delivered into the target. Based on our numerical simulations, we propose a precise range of parameters for fabrication of nanostructured targets, which can increase the energy of the accelerated ions without requiring a higher laser intensity. ; This work has been partially supported by the Xunta de Galicia/FEDER under contract Agrup2015/11 (PC034) and by MINECO under contracts MAT2015-71119-R and FIS2015-71933-REDT. The authors would like to acknowledge the OSIRIS Consortium, consisting of UCLA and IST (Lisbon, Portugal) for the use of OSIRIS, for providing access to the OSIRIS framework. M Blanco also thanks the Ministry of Education of the Spanish government for the FPU fellowship. Camilo Ruiz also thanks MINECO project FIS2016-75652-P M Vranic acknowledges the support of ERC-2010-AdG Grant 267841 and LASERLAB-EUROPE IV—GA No. 654148. Simulations were performed at the Accelerates cluster (Lisbon, Portugal) ; SI

BackgroundReduction in mortality and morbidity in HIV patients due to the introduction of HAART have resulted in changes in patterns of hospital admissions.ObjectiveTo examine trends of HIV patients hospital admissions.Design and methodSerial cross‐sectional analysis of HIV‐hospitalized patients from 1989 to 2011 in an HIV Care Unit. Each hospitalization was classified as major categories: opportunistic infections, other infections, drug‐related admissions, chronic hepatopathy, AIDS and non‐AIDS‐related tumours and chronic medical conditions (COPD, diabetes) and as specific diagnosis: tuberculosis, PCP, CMV, bacterial pneumonia and others. We considered 4 periods of time: pre‐HAART, 1989–1996; early HAART, 1997–2001; intermediate HAART, 2002–2006; and present HAART, 2007–2011.ResultsWe evaluated 2588 admissions. 20.7% of patients were unaware of HIV infection before first admission; this proportion did not change along the time (p=0.27). No previous outpatient follow‐up was seen in 34.9% of patients. There were differences in diagnosis, mortality, age and mean inpatient stay time (Table 1) between the analyzed periods of time.




















OI
HIV tumours
Non‐HIV tumours
Chronic diseases
Mortality
Mean age
Mean hospital stay
Pneumonia
Resp infect
TBC
CMV
PCP
PML




Pre‐HAART 682 adm.
51.7%*
5.1%*
0.8%*
3.2%*
10.1%*
36.1*
23.9*
12.1%*
14.1%*
14.1%
15%*
9.5%*
5.1%


Early HAART 632 adm.
34.5%
4%
2.2%
9%
4.6%
38.4
17.2*
21.1%
19.9%
11.7%
5%
8.2%
4.1%


Intermediate HAART 613 adm.
31.4%*
2.4%
2.8%
7.7%
4.4%
39.6
15.7
25.6%*
23.2%
11.4%
1.7%*
3.4%*
3%


Present HAART 661 adm.
21.8%*
0.8%*
4.1%*
15.9%*
3.8%*
42.9*
14.2
29.8%*
29.2%*
10.9%
1.9%*
4.2%*
2.2%





p<0.05

Conclusions(i) HAART and older age have changed the pattern of hospital admissions with a decrease of OI‐related admissions and an increase of chronic diseases and non‐AIDS‐related tumours and with a decrease in mortality and length of inpatient stay. (ii) Proportion of patients with unknown HIV serostatus before admission has not changed along the time. (iii) Pneumonia, respiratory tract infection and tuberculosis were the more common causes of admission.

Las audiencias activas adquieren protagonismo y revitalizan potencialmente la conversación con su participación en los canales de los ciberdiarios. Sin embargo, es necesario conocer cómo es esa participación. Este artículo indaga sobre la Conversación 2.0. a través del mecanismo más popular: los comentarios de los lectores a las noticias. Estudiar su marco ético y jurídico y analizar si asistimos a un diálogo plural y respetuoso que contribuye a la construcción democrática de la sociedad son algunos de los objetivos de una investigación realizada para el Consell de la Informació de Catalunya, que analiza los comentarios de siete diarios digitales catalanes.

In this Letter we report on the first inverse kinematics measurement of key resonances in the 22Ne(p, γ )23Na reaction which forms part of the NeNa cycle, and is relevant for 23Na synthesis in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. An anti-correlation in O and Na abundances is seen across all well-studied globular clusters (GC), however, reaction-rate uncertainties limit the precision as to which stellar evolution models can reproduce the observed isotopic abundance patterns. Given the importance of GC observations in testing stellar evolution models and their dependence on NeNa reaction rates, it is critical that the nuclear physics uncertainties on the origin of 23Na be addressed. We present results of direct strengths measurements of four key resonances in 22Ne(p, γ )23Na at Ec.m. = 149 keV, 181 keV, 248 keV and 458 keV. The strength of the important Ec.m. = 458 keV reference resonance has been determined independently of other resonance strengths for the first time with an associated strength of ωγ = 0.439(22) eV and with higher precision than previously reported. Our result deviates from the two most recently published results obtained from normal kinematics measurements performed by the LENA and LUNA collaborations but is in agreement with earlier measurements. The impact of our rate on the Na-pocket formation in AGB stars and its relation to the O-Na anti-correlation was assessed via network calculations. Further, the effect on isotopic abundances in CO and ONe novae ejecta with respect to pre-solar grains was investigated ; The authors thank the ISAC operations and technical staff at TRIUMF. TRIUMF's core operations are supported via a contribution from the federal government through the National Research Council Canada, and the Government of British Columbia provides building capital funds. DRAGON is supported by funds from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada SAPPJ-2019-00039. The authors acknowledge support from the "ChETEC" COST Action (CA16117), supported by COST 116 (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). MW, AML, JR were supported by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ST/P003885/1. UB acknowledges support from the European Research Council ERC-2015-STG Nr. 677497. J. José acknowledges support from the Spanish MINECO grant AYA2017-86274-P, the EU FEDER funds and the AGAUR/Generalitat de Catalunya grant SGR-661/2017. Authors from the Colorado School of Mines acknowledge funding via the U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-FG02-93ER40789. ; Peer reviewed