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The markets in which organizations currently operate require them to use behaviour based on both exploitation strategy and exploration strategy, each of which contributes fundamental benefits for the firm's success. Exploitation strategy attempts to obtain the maximum advantage from existing abilities, whereas exploration strategy searches for new ways for the organization to adapt. Further, since manufacturing markets are characterized by short product life, they require a high level of manufacturing flexibility, which can play a crucial role in the development of the exploitation and exploration strategies. This study analyses the relationship of manufacturing flexibility to exploitation and exploration strategies, taking into account an issue of maximum international scope: the implementation of ISO standards. In many international markets, ISO implementation is crucial in enabling organizations to be competitive. However, no consensus has been reached concerning the real benefits that these systems provide to the organizations that implement them. The main goal of our study is to analyse whether there are significant differences in the relationship of manufacturing flexibility to exploitation and exploration strategies in ISO 9001:2000 certified organizations and non-certified organizations. Our results show that most of the relationships analysed are only significant in ISO certified organizations. As an added value, the study analyses the relationship of exploitation and exploration strategies to organizational learning orientation and finds this relationship to be significant in all cases. ; This work has been developed with funding and collaboration of the Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Union. Project I+D ECO2010-15885.

The markets in which organizations currently operate require them to use behaviour based on both exploitation strategy and exploration strategy, each of which contributes fundamental benefits for the firm's success. Exploitation strategy attempts to obtain the maximum advantage from existing abilities, whereas exploration strategy searches for new ways for the organization to adapt. Further, since manufacturing markets are characterized by short product life, they require a high level of manufacturing flexibility, which can play a crucial role in the development of the exploitation and exploration strategies. This study analyses the relationship of manufacturing flexibility to exploitation and exploration strategies, taking into account an issue of maximum international scope: the implementation of ISO standards. In many international markets, ISO implementation is crucial in enabling organizations to be competitive. However, no consensus has been reached concerning the real benefits that these systems provide to the organizations that implement them. The main goal of our study is to analyse whether there are significant differences in the relationship of manufacturing flexibility to exploitation and exploration strategies in ISO 9001:2000 certified organizations and non-certified organizations. Our results show that most of the relationships analysed are only significant in ISO certified organizations. As an added value, the study analyses the relationship of exploitation and exploration strategies to organizational learning orientation and finds this relationship to be significant in all cases. ; This work has been developed with funding and collaboration of the Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Union. Project I+D ECO2010-15885.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain how a buying organization's desorptive capacity relative to its supply network enhances the organization's supply chain competence. The research also analyzes the contingent role of the balanced and combined dimensions of ambidexterity in this relationship.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical results are obtained through analysis of survey data from a sample of 270 European firms. Hierarchical regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results confirm, first, the positive and significant relationship between the buying organization's desorptive capacity and supply chain competence; and, second, the key moderating role of organizational ambidexterity, especially in its combined dimension, in this relationship.Practical implicationsThe study suggests that desorptive capacity is key to the organization's contribution to supply chain competitiveness. The authors also provide practitioners with better understanding of the extent to which they should attempt to balance exploration and exploitation or/and to maximize both simultaneously when seeking greater benefit from desorptive capacity.Originality/valueThis study extends desorptive capacity research to supply chain management. It responds to calls in the desorptive capacity literature for deeper understanding of the benefits of desorptive capacity and of the role organizational ambidexterity plays in the success of desorptive capacity. By analyzing the independent effects of the combined and balanced dimensions of ambidexterity, the authors advance conceptual and operational understanding of the role of ambidexterity needed in the literature.

PurposeThis study aims to use expectation disconfirmation theory (EDT) to investigate how an organization's satisfaction with its supply network's behavior influences its intention to open innovation with that network. This paper proposes that an organization's orientation to open innovation is influenced by confirmation of previously held expectations of trust and commitment and level of perceived procedural justice in its open innovation partner. This paper also examines the effect of this orientation on the organization's supply chain competence.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from a survey of 286 European firms, the study proposes and evaluates a structural equation model.FindingsThe results show that a positive disconfirmation of trust (where perceived trust exceeds expectations) plays a crucial role in shaping organizations' intentions to continue open innovation with their supply networks. These results show that disconfirmation is a good predictor of overall satisfaction with open innovation. This paper also confirms the positive effect of orientation to open innovation on supply chain competence. Finally, this paper obtained evidence for the positive effect of supply chain competence on firm performance.Originality/valueThis study shows the importance of managing expectations in open innovation under the EDT. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous research has analyzed the consistency between the trust and commitment an organization expects from its open innovation partner and the trust and commitment it ultimately perceives as a factor explaining its degree of orientation to open innovation. Therefore, this research contributes to a better understanding of open innovation enablers and also its consequences.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the presence of communication and knowledge flows influences the creation of a work context that supports innovation, and how this relationship is moderated by labor externalization.Design/methodology/approach– To study these relationships, the authors use a sample of 249 workers from five organizations. The different hypotheses proposed are contrasted using hierarchical regression analysis.Findings– The results obtained show the authors that, when communication flows exist, workers' orientation to innovation is greater; likewise, knowledge transfer influences workers' innovative attitude positively. However, the results are different when externalization of workers acts as a moderating variable.Practical implications– The firm's management should make decisions and foster the production of information flows between employees, as the results obtained indicate that communication and knowledge transfer encourage employee attitudes and behavior favorable to innovation.Originality/value– The main contribution of this study is to provide new empirical evidence on the influence of communication and knowledge flows on workers' orientation to innovation. The authors also analyze how these relationships are affected by the presence of externalization. The evidence obtained in this study permits to deduce what actions foster or inhibit organizations in creating a work context that supports innovation and thus encourages the generation of innovation.

Objeto: El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la influencia de los factores que determinan la capacidad de las empresas de servicios para adaptarse a su entorno, así como sus consecuencias. Se analiza cómo las dimensiones críticas del proceso de innovación influyen en el gap generado por la diferencia entre el nivel actual de innovación de la empresa y el nivel desarrollado por los competidores. Diseño y metodología: Las empresas fueron elegidas de la base de datos Duns y Bradstreet 2000. Se eligió una muestra de empresas ubicadas en España en un espacio geográfico, cultural, jurídico y político relativamente homogéneo. El cuestionario fue enviado a un total de 200 empresas, siendo la mayoría de ellas grandes empresas y medianas. Aportaciones y resultados: Los resultados muestran que la participación del cliente en el proceso de innovación es mayor en las empresas de servicios que tienen un mayor gap de innovación y son más proactivas. La formalización y descentralización se presenta con bajo nivel de gap de innovación. Limitaciones: El estudio se centra en empresas españolas. Nuestro trabajo presenta las limitaciones propias de un estudio realizado con carácter transversal. Implicaciones prácticas: Para conseguir una mejor adaptación de la empresa a su entorno, el trabajo propone a los directivos una mayor coherencia entre los resultados de la innovación y las expectativas de los clientes. Para ello, es de gran relevancia detectar las necesidades del usuario con precisión y durante todo el proceso de innovación. Valor añadido: Nuestros resultados aportan una orientación en decisiones que son deliberadas y que pueden afectar al grado de proactividad de la innovación en servicios. Hemos avanzado en las implicaciones que tiene la participación del cliente en los resultados empresariales. ; Purpose: This article analyzes the factors that influence on the capacity of service firms companies to adapt to changing environment. It analyzes how the critical dimensions of the innovation process influence the gap generated by the difference between the current level of innovation of the company and the level developed by competitors. Design/methodology/approach: Companies were selected from the database Duns and Bradstreet 2000. A sample of companies in Spain in a relatively homogeneous geographic, cultural, legal and political space was chosen. The questionnaire was sent to a total of 200 companies, most of them being large and medium enterprises. Findings and Originality/value: The results show that customer involvement in the innovation process is greater in service firms that have greater innovation gap and are more proactive. Formalization and decentralization present low innovation gap. Limitations: This study is focused on Spanish companies. This work presents the characteristics of a cross-sectional study. Practical implications: In order to better adapt to the environment, firms need to present a greater fit between results on innovation and customer expectations. Therefore, it is very important to accurately detect user needs throughout the innovation process. Originality/value: Our results provide guidance in decisions that are deliberate and which may affect the degree of proactivity of innovation in services. We have advanced in the implications of customer participation in business results. ; Peer Reviewed

Objeto: El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la influencia de los factores que determinan la capacidad de las empresas de servicios para adaptarse a su entorno, así como sus consecuencias. Se analiza cómo las dimensiones críticas del proceso de innovación influyen en el gap generado por la diferencia entre el nivel actual de innovación de la empresa y el nivel desarrollado por los competidores. Diseño y metodología: Las empresas fueron elegidas de la base de datos Duns y Bradstreet 2000. Se eligió una muestra de empresas ubicadas en España en un espacio geográfico, cultural, jurídico y político relativamente homogéneo. El cuestionario fue enviado a un total de 200 empresas, siendo la mayoría de ellas grandes empresas y medianas. Aportaciones y resultados: Los resultados muestran que la participación del cliente en el proceso de innovación es mayor en las empresas de servicios que tienen un mayor gap de innovación y son más proactivas. La formalización y descentralización se presenta con bajo nivel de gap de innovación. Limitaciones: El estudio se centra en empresas españolas. Nuestro trabajo presenta las limitaciones propias de un estudio realizado con carácter transversal. Implicaciones prácticas: Para conseguir una mejor adaptación de la empresa a su entorno, el trabajo propone a los directivos una mayor coherencia entre los resultados de la innovación y las expectativas de los clientes. Para ello, es de gran relevancia detectar las necesidades del usuario con precisión y durante todo el proceso de innovación. Valor añadido: Nuestros resultados aportan una orientación en decisiones que son deliberadas y que pueden afectar al grado de proactividad de la innovación en servicios. Hemos avanzado en las implicaciones que tiene la participación del cliente en los resultados empresariales. ; Purpose: This article analyzes the factors that influence on the capacity of service firms companies to adapt to changing environment. It analyzes how the critical dimensions of the innovation process influence the gap generated by the difference between the current level of innovation of the company and the level developed by competitors. Design/methodology/approach: Companies were selected from the database Duns and Bradstreet 2000. A sample of companies in Spain in a relatively homogeneous geographic, cultural, legal and political space was chosen. The questionnaire was sent to a total of 200 companies, most of them being large and medium enterprises. Findings and Originality/value: The results show that customer involvement in the innovation process is greater in service firms that have greater innovation gap and are more proactive. Formalization and decentralization present low innovation gap. Limitations: This study is focused on Spanish companies. This work presents the characteristics of a cross-sectional study. Practical implications: In order to better adapt to the environment, firms need to present a greater fit between results on innovation and customer expectations. Therefore, it is very important to accurately detect user needs throughout the innovation process. Originality/value: Our results provide guidance in decisions that are deliberate and which may affect the degree of proactivity of innovation in services. We have advanced in the implications of customer participation in business results. ; Peer Reviewed

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate whether and under what conditions open innovation (OI) drives innovation performance (IP) in the financial sector. To this end, the paper first analyzes in-depth the indirect effect of overcoming two attitudinal mediators, namely, not-invented-here syndrome (NIHS) and not-sold-here syndrome (NSHS). It then uses dynamic capabilities theory to hypothesize that the indirect effects are moderated by absorptive and desorptive capabilities, respectively.Design/methodology/approachThe authors perform an empirical study of major Spanish financial entities. Data are collected from 288 questionnaires from employees at branches of 13 bank entities. Regression analysis tests the mediating role of overcoming syndromes and the moderated-mediating role of dynamic capabilities in the OI–IP relationship.FindingsResults confirm the indirect effect of overcoming NIHS on the relationship between outside-in OI and IP, and the indirect effect of overcoming NSHS on the relationship between inside-out OI and IP. Further, absorptive capacity moderates the indirect effect between outside-in OI practices and IP by overcoming NIHS, and desorptive capacity moderates the indirect effect between inside-out OI practices and IP by overcoming NSHS.Originality/valueThis paper advances knowledge by explaining discrepancies in the sign of the OI–IP relationship. By introducing comprehensive absorptive and desorptive capacity models to explain OI, it advocates an integrative framework to understand OI activities and their outcomes. Managers should develop these capacities using human talent training and cultural values development to mitigate NIHS and NSHS and optimize firms' OI efforts and the improved IP benefits derived from them.

PurposeAlthough most research considers organizational learning as an antecedent of innovation, the relationship is complex and could be reciprocal. Therefore, more research is needed on the profit gained from the learning and organization acquires from its innovation activities. Using the concept of fit, this paper aims to investigate whether organizational learning increases when an organization's technical innovation level exceeds that of its competitors (positive misfit), theorizing the curvilinear effect of positive technical innovation misfit on organizational learning.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses regression analysis with survey data gathered from 202 European firms.FindingsThe findings support the argument that positive technical innovation misfit has an inverted-U shaped effect on organizational learning.Practical implicationsThe findings obtained should orient firm managers to developing a work environment that enables optimal levels of technical innovation and learning – levels at which the technical innovation developed drives learning among the organization's members but avoids becoming trapped in the organizational complexity involved in very high levels of positive technical innovation misfit.Originality/valueThis study resolves conflicting views of the relationship between organizational learning and technical innovation and adds to the existing literature that indicates that proactive innovative firms can fail when becoming learners.

Although prior research has extensively examined the association of emotional intelligence (EI) with various job attitudes (e.g., job satisfaction), empirical and systematic investigation of this link within military institutions has captured considerably less attention. The present research analyzed the relationship between EI, teamwork communication, and job satisfaction among Spanish military cadets. We tested the potential unique contribution of EI to job satisfaction over and above demographics (i.e., gender and age), proactive personality, and resilience. Moreover, we also examined whether EI was indirectly linked to job satisfaction via its relationship with teamwork communication. A sample of 363 cadet officers of the Spanish General Military Academy completed questionnaires assessing EI, teamwork communication, proactive personality, resilience, and job satisfaction. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that EI exhibited incremental variance (ΔR(2) = 5.2%) in predicting job satisfaction (B = 0.539, 95% CI [0.306,0.771]) even after accounting for demographics, proactive personality, and resilience. Additionally, mediation analysis showed that the association of EI with job satisfaction was partially driven by enhanced teamwork communication. This research provides empirical evidence suggesting a pathway (i.e., effective teamwork communication) through which EI could help military cadets to experience higher job satisfaction. Implications for future academic programs including EI and teamwork communication to promote positive job attitudes among military personnel are discussed.