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Interpreting at international institutions refers to the interpreters' work in contexts with relatively stable sets of related norms and rules that pertain to the international system, the actors in the system and their activities (Duffield 2007). Interpreting is a common practice in this context, and involves organisational, ideological and historical aspects of the institution where the interpreting takes place and the impact of the institution on interpreters (Moore 2018). In this entry, the focus will be on global intergovernmental organisations (IGOs), such as the United Nations and the European Union. This entry provides a survey of the characteristics of interpreting in this context, through a summary of the research carried out thus far, and drawing on my own experience as an interpreter at international organisations. It will examine different aspects of the issue, such as language combinations, interpreting modalities, admission exams and challenges faced by the interpreter. Interpreters are indeed faced with manifold challenges that have been driven by new realities, including the following: the combined increase of speeches written to be read and textual material in meetings, and the reduction of speaking time allocated to speakers have resulted in an increase in delivery rate. The growing use of English as a lingua franca in international fora and the fact that speakers come from different parts of the world results in a growing palette of non-native accents. The rise of paperless work has reconceptualised the processes of preparation, documentation and information management. In addition, organisations are keen to save on travelling costs, which, together with the need for interpreters with rare languages, has led to the increasing use of videoconferences and remote interpreting. The entry concludes with some general remarks on potential avenues for research.

The role of interpreters in conflict situations is of increasing real world importance. There are ethical, cultural, and professional issues that have yet to be explored, and there is a need for specialised training that addresses the specific contexts in which interpreters perform their duties, considering the situated nature of interpreting in these contexts. This volume is structured around interpreter training in different contexts of conflict and post-conflict, from military operations and international tribunals to asylum-seeking and refugee, humanitarian, and human rights missions. Themes covered include risk management and communication, ethics and professional demeanour, language technology and its use, intercultural mediation, training in specific contexts, such as conflict resolution and negotiation, and working with trauma. Chapters are authored by experts from around the world with a range of different profiles: military personnel, scholars, the staff of international organisations, and representatives from refugee and asylum-seeker-assisting institutions. Interpreter Training in Conflict and Post-Conflict Scenarios is key reading both for students and scholars researching interpreting in conflict zones and conflict-related scenarios and for practising and trainee interpreters and mediators working for international organisations and the military.

Cover -- Endorsement -- Half TItle -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- 1 Introduction -- PART I Training interpreters for the military -- 2 Ethics in military interpreter training -- 3 Military interpreter training for context specific situations -- 4 Training liaison officers interpreting for China's peacekeeping missions -- PART II Training interpreters in the context of international organisations and tribunals -- 5 Developing interpreter competence: Training interpreters servicing UNOG field missions -- 6 Resourcefulness when resources are lacking: A case study of field interpreters at the Office of the Prosecutor at the International Criminal Court -- 7 The main challenges of interpreting in the context of the international protection determination procedure -- PART III Training interpreters to work with refugees in national and regional contexts -- 8 Interpreters' training needs in refugee humanitarian crises: Perceptions from Cameroon -- 9 Interpreting for vulnerable populations: Training andeducation of interpreters working with refugee children in the United States -- 10 Interpreting in an asylum context: Interpreter training as the linchpin for improving procedural quality -- 11 Ethics and training of interpreters in the asylum context -- 12 Technology affordances in training interpreters for asylum seekers and refugees -- PART IV Crosscutting implications of interpreter training in conflict and post-conflict scenarios -- 13 Interpreting trauma: Service providers' and interpreters' perspectives -- 14 The psychological implications of interpreting in conflict zones: Elements for potential mental-health and self-care training for interpreters -- 15 Enhancing short-term memory for conflict zone interpreters -- Index.

This study explores the issue of interpreters' positionality as outsiders to the forces' personnel and insiders to the local communities. Twenty local interpreters who worked in the different peacekeeping operations (PKOs) in the Bosnian War, and seven members of the forces' personnel were surveyed on their personal and professional background, their experiences with working conditions and training as well as the particularities and challenges of PKOs. The results indicate that the status, motivations, hiring procedures, and working conditions of the interpreters changed under the different PKOs, and that this had an impact on the positionality of the interpreter. The findings suggest that specific training programs are needed to better train interpreters to work in PKOs, and that consideration should be given to the issue of how to better train peacekeeping forces to work with interpreters.