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[EN] The Spanish coast preserves many watchtowers as an important cultural heritage. They testify the insecurity of this maritime border in different historical periods, especially during the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, when it was attacked regularly by what has come to be known as Berber piracy. The territory of Vélez-Málaga was not alien to this process and, after the Castilian conquest of the Axarquía region in the late fifteenth century, the western border between the Christian and the Islamic kingdoms of the western Mediterranean moved to the southeaster coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The municipal district of Vélez-Málaga has an important architectural and archaeological heritage from different origins, including its defensive structures. They belong to a broader military system in the territory that consisted of coastal and inland watchtowers, farmstead towers, fortified enclosures in addition to the castle and the urban walls of Vélez-Málaga. This paper presents the first data obtained from the diagnosis of this heritage in the frame of the programme of conservation of the defensive architecture from the municipality of Vélez-Málaga. ; Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el marco del Proyecto I+D+i "Las atalayas que defendieron el reino de nazarí de Granada. Análisis y documentación científica (Nazalaya)" (Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia del Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, HAR2016- 79689-P, 2017-2020), convocatoria de 2016, cofinanciado con fondos FEDER. El estudio de las torres conservadas en este término municipal ha permitido la realización de la diagnosis de estas torres dentro del programa de arquitectura defensiva del Excmo. Ayuntamiento de VélezMálaga (EDUSI O.T.6 – 0.E.6.3.4 Rehabilitación y Promoción del Patrimonio Histórico, VM-OT6-LA1). ; García-Pulido, L.; Ruiz-Jaramillo, J. (2020). Las torres conservadas en el territorio de Vélez-Málaga (Málaga). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1185-1192. ...

Catálogo de la exposición "La arquitectura defensiva de la provincia de Málaga. Evolución del sistema defensivo a través de sus torres", realizada en la Alcazaba de Málaga entre el 17 y el 31 de octubre de 2019. ; El reino nazarí de Granada abarcó las zonas montañosas del sudeste de la Península Ibérica, donde se estableció una frontera natural con el reino de Castilla entre 1232 y 1492. Para su control y comunicación visual con los principales núcleos nazaríes se estableció una red de torres defensivas. Muchas aún subsisten diseminadas entre las provincias de Granada, Málaga, Almería, Jaén y Cádiz. A pesar de que tras la conquista castellana muchas de estas torres perdieron su utilidad defensiva, un nutrido grupo de estas, aunque con adaptaciones a las nuevas estrategias y técnicas militares como la artillería, siguieron empleándose como elementos de vigilancia y control en el territorio. Estas construcciones, dada su condición histórica como frontera de reinos y civilizaciones, se ubican en emplazamientos singulares, erigiéndose como hitos referenciales de los territorios en los que se asientan. Su diversa tipología y morfología constituyen un fiel testimonio de las distintas formas de vertebración territorial que se han sucedido a lo largo de la historia, lo que hace que no puedan ser entendidas fuera de esta dimensión. Esta muestra expositiva pretende que el conocimiento exhaustivo adquirido de este patrimonio defensivo se difunda alcanzando a todos los estratos de la sociedad, tratando de transferir todos sus valores a nivel tipológico, morfológico, constructivo, material, paisajístico, territorial y estratégico, valores a partir de los que transmitir la trascendencia que este conjunto de bienes culturales aporta a la sociedad en la que se insertan, traspasando por tanto la barrera de un conocimiento puesto a disposición exclusivamente de expertos cualificados. ; Proyecto realizado gracias a: - Subvenciones para promover la cultura de defensa de 2019 del Ministerio de Defensa de España (núm. de proyecto 130-14154, desarrollado en la Universidad de Málaga), dirigido por Jonathan Ruiz Jaramillo. - Proyecto I+D+i de Excelencia del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades: "Las atalayas que defendieron el reino nazarí de Granada: análisis y documentación científica (NAZALAYA)" (HAR 2016 - 79689 - P), cofinanciado con fondos FEDER, dirigido por Luis José García-Pulido y Jonathan Ruiz-Jaramillo y desarrollado en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Málaga - Proyecto I+D+i titulado "Documentación gráfica de los castillos y alcazabas medievales conservados en Andalucía. Puesta al día del conocimiento y difusión de este legado patrimonial (ALCAZABA)" (UMA18-FEDERJA-257), financiado por el Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020, de la Convocatoria de la Universidad de Málaga para proyectos retos y frontera de 2018, dirigido por Luis José García-Pulido

Luis José García-Pulido y Jonathan Ruiz-Jaramillo. "Muslim heritage and environment: the case of the watchtowers of the nasrid kingdom of Granada (thirteenth to fifteenth century)". En: Heritage 2018. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development (10th Anniversary Edition) Granada, Spain, 12-15 June 2018. Edited by Rogério Amoêda, Sérgio Lira, Cristina Pinheiro, Juan M. Santiago Zaragoza, Julio Calvo Serrano, Fabián García Carrillo. Editorial Universidad de Granada y Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development, Granada, 2018. e-ISBN 978-84-338-6261-7 ; This paper is devoted to the study of the different towers of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada (1232 to 1492) and their linked landscapes, as well as the evolution, preservation, resilience or transformation of their environment until present days. These late Islamic territories in medieval Iberia occupied the mountainous areas of the southeastern area of today's Spain. There, a natural border was established between the Nasrid kingdom and the expansion of Castile during more than two centuries and a half. To control this frontier and establish visual communication between it and the Nasrid power centres lead by the Alhambra citadel, an extensive network of watchtowers and defensive towers linked to farmsteads was constructed. These towers are located in unique sites; being erected as reference landmarks of the territories on which they stand. These fortifications, with very diverse typology and morphology, are a faithful testimony to the different territorial structure that has taken place throughout history. ; Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. This paper has been written within the framework of the Spanish Proyecto del Plan Nacional I+D+i (Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia) entitled 'Las atalayas que defendieron el reino nazarí de Granada. Análisis y documentación científica (Nazalaya)' ('The watchtowers that defended the nasrid ...

RUIZ-JARAMILLO, J. y GARCÍA-PULIDO, L.J., 2018. Guarding the border: watchtowers of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada. Characterization and vulnerability assessment. Heritage 2018: 6th International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development. Granada: Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development, pp. 1511-1518 ; The Islamic Nasrid kingdom of Granada occupied the mountainous areas of the south-eastern of the Iberian Peninsula. The frontier between the Nasrid kingdom and the Christian kingdom of Castile from 1232 to 1492 was controlled by an extensive network of watchtowers built by Nasrid through the provinces of Granada, Malaga, Almeria and the eastern parts of Jaen, Cordoba and Cadiz. They allowed controlling this frontier stablishing visual communication between them and the Nasrid centre at the Alhambra citadel. Even protected by Spanish Heritage law, many of these medieval towers and their cultural landscapes are in severe risk be-cause of anthropic action as well as natural deterioration. Within the framework of the R&D project called 'Las atalayas que defendieron el reino nazarí de Granada. Análisis y docu-mentación científica (Nazalaya)", the towers are being studied. As a complement of planimetry obtained by procedures as photogrammetry or terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), complete architectural surveys using non-destructive techniques are being performed as part of the analysis to obtain a global description of construction systems used. ; Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Esta comunicación recoge los avances de investigación del proyecto en el que los autores de ésta participan, titulado "Las atalayas que defendieron el reino nazarí de Granada. Análisis y documentación científica (Nazalaya)" (Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia del Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, HAR2016-79689-P, 2017-2020), en colaboración con el proyecto de formación, investigación y transferencia "Malaka_net: Bases para la rehabilitación sostenible del Patrimonio Histórico de Málaga", desarrollado en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de esta ciudad con el Instituto Municipal de la Vivienda de Málaga. Luis José García-Pulido, Jonathan Ruiz-Jaramillo y Mª. Isabel Alba-Dorado. "El frente marítimo de Málaga como palimpsesto". En: Ángeles Layuno Rosas, Elena Marcos Toribio y Júlia Cristina Pereira de Faria, (coords.), Actas preliminares de las II Jornadas Internacionales de Investigación sobre Paisaje, Patrimonio y Ciudad. Aproximaciones contemporáneas al Paisaje Urbano, Escuela de Arquitectura, Universidad de Alcalá, 26-28 de abril de 2018, Alcalá de Henares, pp. 38-39. ISBN: 978-84-09-01548-1) ; Las cartografías urbanas aportan información del ámbito espacial y el paisaje de una ciudad en diferentes momentos históricos. Su análisis e interpretación nos permite conocer cómo se ha configurado la imagen urbana en el territorio que la enmarca, su proceso evolutivo y los factores más determinantes en su configuración. En el caso de la ciudad de Málaga, el Monte de Gibralfaro y el frente marítimo fueron tempranamente representados tras la toma de la ciudad en 1489, siendo referidos durante siglos como dos importantes hitos fortificados en el paisaje urbano, cuyo control era estratégico para dominar la bahía malagueña. Siguieron desempeñando un marcado carácter militar incluso tras su ocupación por las tropas napoleónicas y nunca han dejado de ser un referente en la imagen del paisaje urbano de la ciudad. En el desarrollo de esta comunicación ...

The Islamic Nasrid kingdom of Granada occupied the mountainous areas of the south-eastern area of the Iberian Peninsula. The Baetic mountain range worked as a natural frontier between the Nasrid kingdom and the Christian kingdom of Castile from 1232 to 1492. An extensive network of watchtowers was built by Nasrid to control this frontier stablishing visual communication between them and the Nasrid centre at the Alhambra citadel. Many of them are still standing, disperse through the provinces of Granada, Malaga, Almeria and the eastern parts of Jaen, Cordoba and Cadiz. Even being this military architecture protected by Spanish Heritage law, many of these medieval towers and their cultural landscapes are in severe risk. There are studies of individual towers, but any global comparative study has been developed. For this reason, within the framework of the R&D project called 'Las atalayas que defendieron el reino nazarí de Granada. Análisis y documentación científica (Nazalaya)" (HAR2016-79689-P) financed by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness of Spain, the towers are being studied as individual exemplars as well as components of the same typological group. This generates a complete documentation constituted by a homogenous and exhaustively planimetry which supplements the existing information and enabling comparative analysis. Furthermore complete architectural surveys are being carried out using techniques as photogrammetry. In addition to the analysis of construction systems, the structural safety of these towers is evaluated formulating guidelines for its restoration. ; Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Proyecto del Plan Nacional I+D+i (Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia) entitled 'Las atalayas que defendieron el reino nazarí de Granada. Análisis y documentación científica (Nazalaya)' (HAR2016-79689-P) Proyecto de Investigación Precompetitivo (mod. A) del Plan Propio de la Universidad de Málaga 'La ...

Comunicación presentada en el 26th International CIPA Symposium 2017, 28 August–01 September 2017, Ottawa, Canada. Referencia del artículo publicado en: The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-2/W5, 2017, pp. 259-265. doi:10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W5-259-2017 ; The Islamic Nasrid kingdom of Granada occupied the mountainous areas of the southeastern area of the Iberian Peninsula. There, a natural border was established between the Nasrid kingdom and the Christian kingdom of Castile from 1232 to 1492. To control this frontier and establish visual communication between it and the Nasrid center at the Alhambra citadel, an extensive network of watchtowers and defensive towers was constructed. There exist studies of individual towers, but no comparative analysis has been undertaken of all of them from the perspective of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada itself. Graphic, homogenous and exhaustively planimetric documentation would bring together existing information on the majority of these examples and enable a deeper research. For this reason, this work conduct massive and systematic architectural surveys of all these military structures, using photogrammetry. In addition to studying the construction typology and techniques, the structural capacity of these towers has been analyzed. It examines how they have been affected by human and natural destructive forces, especially earthquakes, which are common in eastern Andalusia. Although all the historical military architecture is protected by the Spanish and Andalusian Heritage laws, many of these medieval towers and their cultural landscapes are in severe risk. The towers are being studied as individual specimens (emphasizing their differences) and as a unit in a typological group (looking for similarities and unifying characteristics). New technologies for Information and Communication are being used in order to disseminate the results among specialists and to make them available to the general ...

This poster has been peer-reviewed and received the "Best Poster Award for a very significant contribution to Digital Wokflows for Heritage Conservation" at the 26th International CIPA Symposium 2017, 28 August–01 September 2017, Ottawa, Canada. ; The Islamic Nasrid kingdom of Granada occupied the mountainous areas of the southeastern area of the Iberian Peninsula, topographically protected by the Baetic mountain range. There, a natural border was established between the Nasrid kingdom and the Christian kingdom of Castile that lasted more than 250 years, from 1232 to 1492. To control this frontier and establish visual communication between it and the Nasrid centre at the Alhambra citadel, an extensive network of watchtowers and defensive towers was constructed. Many of them are still standing, scattered among the provinces of Granada, Malaga, Almeria and the eastern parts of Jaen, Cordoba and Cadiz. There exist studies of individual towers, but no comparative analysis has been undertaken of all of them from the perspective of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada itself. Graphic, homogenous and exhaustively planimetric documentation would bring together existing information on the majority of these examples and enable a deeper research. For this reason, this work conduct massive and systematic architectural surveys of all these military structures, using photogrammetry. In addition to studying the construction typology and techniques, the structural capacity of these towers is been analyzed. It examines how they have been affected by human and natural destructive forces, especially earthquakes, so common in eastern Andalusia. Althougt all the military architecture is protected by the Spanish Heritage law, many of these medieval towers and their cultural landscapes are in severe risk. The towers are been studied as individual exemplars (emphasizing their differences) and as a unit in a typological group (looking for similarities and unifying characteristics). New technologies for Information and Communication are being ...

The relationships Malaga has established with its port have changed over the centuries, conjuring up a variety of scenarios and circumstances. The past and present are closely linked phenomena in this case study where the porosity of the port‐city fabric has marked the city's development and constitutes a key issue in the current and future challenges it faces. Malaga provides a particularly interesting example of a post‐industrial city that has reopened its port to its inhabitants' acclaim while maintaining port activity. However, the growth tourism has seen in recent years has come to dominate the local economy. Cruise ships have taken on a significant role and have brought about important changes in the dynamics and flows between the port and the city, unsettling the balance between the two. This profile explores port‐city development through the lens of boundaries and flows, demonstrating how their dynamics have determined Malaga's spatial, functional, and social development over time and how they continue to do so to this day. This article reviews the transformations the city has undergone and its future opportunities to achieve a balanced and sustainable port‐city relationship.