Suchergebnisse

Résumé L'éducation permet d'acquérir des connaissances et favorise l'évolution des attitudes mais encore faut-il qu'il existe au préalable un sentiment de responsabilité individuelle et collective à l'égard des problèmes d'environnement. San Juan Nuevo Parangaricutiro est une communauté autochtone de l'ouest du Mexique dont l'entreprise forestière communale ( efc ) pratique une forme d'exploitation durable de ses forêts qui lui a valu une notoriété internationale. Pourtant, des recherches récentes ont montré qu'aussi bien les jeunes que les enfants de cette communauté ont un faible niveau de connaissance de ces problèmes, ne participent guère aux activités forestières et ne souhaitent pas prendre la relève de leurs parents dans cette entreprise. Nous avons évalué les processus d'éducation à l'environnement de 32 jeunes des classes terminales dans trois contextes différents : l'école, le foyer et l'entreprise forestière. Nous avons également analysé en utilisant diverses méthodes (questionnaires, observations et entretiens) l'opinion des maîtres et des adultes sur l'enseignement des questions se rapportant à la gestion des forêts communales. Les résultats montrent que les jeunes considèrent aussi bien l'école que le foyer comme des centres importants d'apprentissage. Pourtant les problèmes d'environnement n'y sont guère abordés, pas plus en classe que dans les conversations avec les parents. En outre, il n'y a aucun lien entre les activités de l' efc et les programmes scolaires.

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu MdM-2015-0552 ; The emerging paradigm of responsible research and innovation (RRI) in the European Commission policy discourse identifies science education as a key agenda for better equipping students with skills and knowledge to tackle complex societal challenges and foster active citizenship in democratic societies. The operationalisation of this broad approach in science education demands, however, the identification of assessment frameworks able to grasp the complexity of RRI process requirements and learning outcomes within science education practice. This article aims to shed light over the application of the RRI approach in science education by proposing a RRI-based analytical framework for science education assessment. We use such framework to review a sample of empirical studies of science education assessments and critically analyse it under the lenses of RRI criteria. As a result, we identify a set of 86 key RRI assessment indicators in science education related to RRI values, transversal competences and experiential and cognitive aspects of learning. We argue that looking at science education through the lenses of RRI can potentially contribute to the integration of metacognitive skills, emotional aspects and procedural dimensions within impact assessments so as to address the complexity of learning.

Part1. The Political Ecology of Urban Resilience -- Chapter1. Resilience for all or for some? Reflections through the lens of urban political ecology -- Chapter2. Bridging urban climate justice and participatory governance to explore the transformative capacity of climate resilience -- Part2. Uneven Implications of Top-Down Resilience -- Chapter3. Urban Resilience in Perspective: Tracing the Origins and Evolution of Urban Green Spaces in Barcelona -- Chapter4. Urban transformational adaptation: Contestation and struggles for authority in the pilot Barcelona superblock of Poblenou -- Chapter5. Urban resilience in Latin America: questions, themes and debates -- Part3. Bottom-Up and Co-Produced Resilience -- Chapter6. Nature-based solutions in European schools: a pioneering co-designed strategy towards urban resilience -- Chapter7. Social-ecological transformation to coexist with wildfire: Reflecting on 18 years of participatory wildfire governance -- Chapter8. Co-production of the climate emergency response: the case of Barcelona -- Chapter9. Contested spaces for negotiated urban resilience in Seville -- Part4. Final Remarks -- Chapter10. Afterword: Transformation pathways within urban climate resilience.

This volume sheds light on urban resilience strategies in times of climate emergency and social and economic crisis by reflecting on related social vulnerabilities and inequalities within cities and showing the potential of participatory governance approaches for socio-environmental transformation. The book compiles critical research documenting the articulation of urban resilience strategies dealing with climatic changes, as well as the understanding of the unexpected implications of top-down resilience plans to address the impacts of climate change in cities, especially on the most vulnerable urban populations, and the transformative capacities of bottom-up and socially innovative resilience strategies. The book especially focuses on co-produced and grassroots transformative processes that are concerned with social equity in urban planning for climate change. Although several publications cover the topic of urban resilience, this book provides a more nuanced exploration of urban climate governance and citizen engagement in urban climate resilience policies through the lenses of political ecology, environmental justice and co-production. In this regard, the volume moves beyond the approach of multilevel urban climate governance by critically addressing the unexpected impacts of top-down strategies of urban resilience with the goal of expanding the reflection on citizen engagement. The book also explores the emerging possibilities behind the co-production of urban resilience as well as the critical role of grassroots and citizens in promoting such alternative strategies. While the primary target audience is scholars from different disciplines (e.g. geography, urban studies, planning, political ecology, architecture, urban sociology, environmental studies) focusing on urban resilience, the editors also aim to reach urban resilience practitioners from local, national and international organisations as well as environmental grassroots and climate activists.

International audience ; In the context of collaborative resource management, mental models can provide insights on participants' understanding of the resource management system and in so doing allow researchers and practitioners to derive lessons about the success or failure of comanagement approaches. We analyzed individual and group mental models in the comanaged small-scale fishery of La Encrucijada, Mexico, active since 2009. Mental models reveal a strong consensus around the idea that the comanagement initiative is a government-led partnership to subsidize fishers. This belief reflects a history of state paternalism and coexists with a diversity of views about who are the actors involved in comanagement, their role in the fishery, and the resources mobilized through comanagement. We argue that local participants' limited understanding of the collaborative mechanisms established by the comanagement initiative suggests a failure of the promoting actors to communicate the initiative's environmental and social goals and to exploit its transformative potential in terms of actors' empowerment and participation in the long term. This research contributes to the burgeoning literature on the use of mental models as a means to unravel the cognitive aspects that may lie underneath the success or failure of natural resource governance.

Indigenous and rural communities have developed strategies aimed at supporting their livelihoods and protecting biodiversity. Motivational factors underlying these local conservation strategies, however, are still a largely neglected topic. We aimed to enrich the conceptualization of community-based conservation by exploring trigger events and motivations that induce local people to be engaged in practical institutional arrangements for successful natural resource management and biodiversity conservation. By examining the history and development of three community conservation initiatives in Brazil, Mexico, and Bolivia, we have illustrated and discussed two main ways of understanding community-based conservation from the interaction between extrinsic and intrinsic motivations. First, incentive-based conservation policies can stimulate people's economic interests and mobilize individual and collective behavior toward the formalization of conservation-oriented actions. Second, environmental justice concerns, such as international and national movements for the recognition of indigenous peoples' rights, can support local people's sense of autonomy and result in increased control over their territory and resources, as well as a renewed conservation commitment. The results are useful from a policy perspective because they provide insight into the governance of conservation development by bridging the gap between communities' culturally based motivations for conservation, which are still embedded in customary institutions, and broader political and socioeconomic contexts.

La etnoecología estudia las relaciones entre los humanos y el medioambiente en el que viven, contribuyendo a entender algunos de los problemas socio-ecológicos actuales, como la degradación ecológica o la pérdida de diversidad cultural, desde un punto de vista eminentemente local. Desde el 2006, el Laboratorio de Etnoecología de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona desarrolla proyectos de investigación dirigidos a estudiar factores y dinámicas sociales, culturales, políticas, y ecológicas que ayudan a explicar la relación de sociedades indígenas y rurales de África, Asia, Latinoamérica y Europa, con su entorno ambiental. Huyendo de la dinámica de extracción de información sin retorno a las comunidades, los proyectos del Laboratorio combinan investigación académica con acciones orientadas a la devolución de los resultados de investigación a las poblaciones con las que trabajamos, a la vez que promueven mejoras en el bienestar local y en el uso sostenible de sus recursos naturales. ; Ethnoecology studies the relations of human beings with their environment aiming at understanding several current socio-ecological problems such as ecological degradation and loss of cultural diversity, mainly from a local point of view. Since 2006, the research team of the Ethnoecology Laboratory (Autonomous University of Barcelona) is conducting research projects focused on the study of social, cultural, political, and ecological factors and dynamics influencing the relation of rural and indigenous communities in Africa, Asia, Latin- America, and Europe, with their environment. Contrary to the common practice of simply extracting information from rural communities, projects at the Ethnoecology Laboratory blend academic research and actions oriented to return findings to the populations where we work and to improve their well-being and sustainable use of natural resources.