Suchergebnisse

Celem artykułu jest próba oceny poziomu metodologicznego polskich prac awansowych młodego pokolenia geografów społeczno-ekonomicznych w kontekście utrzymania tożsamości dyscypliny, w sytuacji starzenia się oraz odchodzenia seniorów – liderów dotychczasowych przemian geografii. Na pokoleniu doktoryzujących się i habilitujących się osób ciąży wymóg nie tylko utrzymania dotychczasowego poziomu teoretyczno-metodologicznego dyscypliny, ale również jej rozwoju.Poczucie własnej tożsamości środowiska geografów jest nie tylko istotnym elementem identyfikacyjnym dyscypliny, ale stanowi jedną z ważnych składowych poziomu rozwoju metodologicznego. Metodologia determinuje nie tylko poprawność formalną prowadzonych badań naukowych, ale poprzez stały rozwój kadrowy pozwala rozwijać warsztat metodyczny i konceptualizację dotychczasowego stanu wiedzy. Dlatego tak ważna jest odpowiednia jakość metodologiczna prac awansowych. Przegląd reprezentacyjnego zbioru prac habilitacyjnych z geografii społeczno-ekonomicznej ostatniego dziesięciolecia pozwala zauważyć szereg mankamentów, niedoskonałości powstałych zarówno z winy autorów, jak i zmieniających się zewnętrznych uwarunkowań funkcjonowania nauki. Wyraźny spadek zainteresowania metodologią wśród geografów wynika nie tylko z odchodzenia najstarszej grupy badaczy mających szersze spojrzenie na kwestię integralności wiedzy geograficznej, zdających sobie także sprawę z konsekwencji nadmiernej specjalizacji. Widoczny jest niedostatek odwoływania się do pojęć kluczowych warunkujących powiązania między geografią fizyczną a społeczno-ekonomiczną. Wielu badaczy wskazuje tutaj na częsty brak integrującego pojęcia regionu geograficznego i środowiska geograficznego. Niepokój budzi też coraz szersze mówienie o produkcji badań naukowych, podkreślanie liczby opublikowanych prac i uzyskanych z nich punktów, w mniejszym stopniu skupianie się na jakości badań.

Celem opracowania jest identyfikacja podstawowych kwestii problemowych w badaniach przestrzeni społecznej i pojęć pokrewnych w kontekście współczesnych wyzwań polityki lokalnej i regionalnej. Zainteresowania przestrzenią społeczną wynikają nie tylko z konsekwencji transformacji ustrojowo-gospodarczej, procesu kurczenia się miast, suburbanizacji, ale także z nadal widocznego procesu uspołeczniania geografii. Konieczne stają się poszukiwania nowych koncepcji wyjaśniających złożoność owych procesów, zwłaszcza wobec konieczności rewitalizacji przestrzeni miejskiej. Dlatego szczególną uwagę w artykule poświęcono relacjom między przestrzenią społeczną, publiczną i mieszkaniową.

The Katowice conurbation took shape from the end of the 18th century in the borderlands of two states, Poland and Germany. In this sense, it was an area on both their peripheries. Permanent and dynamic interactions between different national-ethnic groups resulted in cultural intermingling. From the middle of the twentieth century, this complex settlement system was already at the centre of socio-economic development on a supra-regional scale. As a result of multidirectional migration, influenced by intensive industrialisation, social relations evolved between the migrants and the local (indigenous) population, as well as between the migrants themselves. The aim of this paper is to analyse the early multicultural nature of selected cities in the Katowice conurbation against a methodological and terminological background and to indicate the extent to which this feature might be an asset in present day socio-economic transformations in this area. The temporal and spatial overlapping of various origins of socio-cultural links and relations leads the authors to formulate the concepts of cultural genotype and primary and secondary cultural genotype, and to exemplify the formation of cultural genotypes in the Katowice conurbation.

The study aims to present variability in the population of individual size classes of Polish cities in 1950-2018, its determinants and consequences for the formation of the settlement system. The application of quartiles as the basic statistical measure allowed identifying which parts of particular size classes of cities had the greatest impact (progressively or regressively) on changes in the settlement system. In this respect, strong dynamics of the upper quartile of Polish cities, lasting until the end of the 1970s, becomes apparent. In the 1980s, the dynamics of the upper quartile of large cities showed a shift during development waves in comparison to the culmination of these waves for medium-sized cities. However, since the end of the 1980s, there has been an increasing role of the lower quartile in determining the direction of changes in the size structure of cities, especially in medium and small cities.

This paper attempts to determine and describe suburbanization stages (especially in the context of political-economic transformations and population changes) and also, to verify classical models of urbanization stages as a system of concentric zones, basing on historical process of development of complex settlement systems of Katowice voivodship (according to the former administrative division), i.e., Katowice conurbation, Rybnik agglomeration, Bielsko-Biała agglomeration, and Częstochowa agglomeration. The analysis includes the population number and the balance of migration between 1975 and 2008, as well as the number of entities of national economy between 1995 and 2008. Every settlement system was divided into its core, such as the main city or a group of cities, and its surrounding area, comprising urban and rural municipalities directly neighbouring the core. The calculations included absolute single-base increments and chain increments. The analysis showed that the historical processes of urbanization of the Śląskie voivodship reveal significant variations in the way they were shaped in comparison with model-based approaches included in the literature of the subject matter. The agglomeration of Częstochowa is the closest to the concentric model, consisting of urbanization, suburbanization and deurbanization, whereas the remaining settlement systems reveal bigger or smaller differences. Variations between analyzed settlement systems reveal themselves also in contemporary times. The rate of population growth and migration balances divide the systems into different stages of maturity of suburbanization. The earliest were discovered in the Katowice conurbation. As much as the rate of population changes and migration balances significantly differentiated the core areas in comparison with their surroundings, the differences were less obvious in the aspect of business growth rate. This results from the fact that the core areas still retain the majority of workplaces. An increase of business activity around the surrounding areas remains selective, both as to the kind and space, revealing somehow higher rate as far as the agglomeration of Bielsko-Biała is concerned.

This paper attempts to determine and describe suburbanization stages (especially in the context of political-economic transformations and population changes) and also, to verify classical models of urbanization stages as a system of concentric zones, basing on historical process of development of complex settlement systems of Katowice voivodship (according to the former administrative division), i.e., Katowice conurbation, Rybnik agglomeration, Bielsko-Biała agglomeration, and Częstochowa agglomeration. The analysis includes the population number and the balance of migration between 1975 and 2008, as well as the number of entities of national economy between 1995 and 2008. Every settlement system was divided into its core, such as the main city or a group of cities, and its surrounding area, comprising urban and rural municipalities directly neighbouring the core. The calculations included absolute single-base increments and chain increments.The analysis showed that the historical processes of urbanization of the Śląskie voivodship reveal significant variations in the way they were shaped in comparison with model-based approaches included in the literature of the subject matter. The agglomeration of Częstochowa is the closest to the concentric model, consisting of urbanization, suburbanization and deurbanization, whereas the remaining settlement systems reveal bigger or smaller differences. Variations between analyzed settlement systems reveal themselves also in contemporary times. The rate of population growth and migration balances divide the systems into different stages of maturity of suburbanization. The earliest were discovered in the Katowice conurbation. As much as the rate of population changes and migration balances significantly differentiated the core areas in comparison with their surroundings, the differences were less obvious in the aspect of business growth rate. This results from the fact that the core areas still retain the majority of workplaces. An increase of business activity around the surrounding areas remains selective, both as to the kind and space, revealing somehow higher rate as far as the agglomeration of Bielsko-Biała is concerned.

This paper attempts to determine and describe suburbanization stages (especially in the context of political-economic transformations and population changes) and also, to verify classical models of urbanization stages as a system of concentric zones, basing on historical process of development of complex settlement systems of Katowice voivodship (according to the former administrative division), i.e., Katowice conurbation, Rybnik agglomeration, Bielsko-Biała agglomeration, and Częstochowa agglomeration. The analysis includes the population number and the balance of migration between 1975 and 2008, as well as the number of entities of national economy between 1995 and 2008. Every settlement system was divided into its core, such as the main city or a group of cities, and its surrounding area, comprising urban and rural municipalities directly neighbouring the core. The calculations included absolute single-base increments and chain increments.The analysis showed that the historical processes of urbanization of the Śląskie voivodship reveal significant variations in the way they were shaped in comparison with model-based approaches included in the literature of the subject matter. The agglomeration of Częstochowa is the closest to the concentric model, consisting of urbanization, suburbanization and deurbanization, whereas the remaining settlement systems reveal bigger or smaller differences. Variations between analyzed settlement systems reveal themselves also in contemporary times. The rate of population growth and migration balances divide the systems into different stages of maturity of suburbanization. The earliest were discovered in the Katowice conurbation. As much as the rate of population changes and migration balances significantly differentiated the core areas in comparison with their surroundings, the differences were less obvious in the aspect of business growth rate. This results from the fact that the core areas still retain the majority of workplaces. An increase of business activity around the surrounding areas remains selective, both as to the kind and space, revealing somehow higher rate as far as the agglomeration of Bielsko-Biała is concerned.

The Katowice conurbation is the largest traditional economic region in Central Europe and simultaneously a complex settlement system. Yet it faces numerous problems. The article attempts to answer the questions: (1) Does the hitherto relatively uniform economic structure of the Katowice conurbation, based on mining and metallurgy, cause similar intensities of depopulation, demographic ageing and urban shrinkage in 16 neighbouring towns? (2) Is the scope of policies mitigating the effects of these processes similar? The analysis of statistical data for 1999 and 2018 and the development strategies of individual towns shows that both the trends in population changes and the policies adopted towards them differ. The severity of the negative processes varies, with the largest being in Katowice, Sosnowiec and Bytom. Most towns recognize the problem yet consider its solution through selective actions (improvement in housing conditions, development of services or launching new industrial activities). There are also towns that, although seeing problems, marginalize them in their development strategies. Only Czeladź has a multifaceted approach to this problem. The general conclusion shows a need to coordinate the policies of local governments of the entire conurbation for the benefit of multifaceted measures to mitigate depopulation, demographic ageing and urban shrinkage.

The Katowice conurbation is the largest traditional economic region in Central Europe and simultaneously a complex settlement system. Yet it faces numerous problems. The article attempts to answer the questions: (1) Does the hitherto relatively uniform economic structure of the Katowice conurbation, based on mining and metallurgy, cause similar intensities of depopulation, demographic ageing and urban shrinkage in 16 neighbouring towns? (2) Is the scope of policies mitigating the effects of these processes similar? The analysis of statistical data for 1999 and 2018 and the development strategies of individual towns shows that both the trends in population changes and the policies adopted towards them differ. The severity of the negative processes varies, with the largest being in Katowice, Sosnowiec and Bytom. Most towns recognize the problem yet consider its solution through selective actions (improvement in housing conditions, development of services or launching new industrial activities). There are also towns that, although seeing problems, marginalize them in their development strategies. Only Czeladź has a multifaceted approach to this problem. The general conclusion shows a need to coordinate the policies of local governments of the entire conurbation for the benefit of multifaceted measures to mitigate depopulation, demographic ageing and urban shrinkage.

The paper concerns the evaluation of determinants and identification of trends of social-economic transformations in Katowice region. This is the most urbanised area in Poland. In the conditions of central economy based on intensive industrialisation it was created into a traditional industrial region with abundance of jobs. In terms of demographic transformations, considerable migration inflow was observed here until the 1980s, which was influenced by economic investments and resulted also from the phasic character of demographic cycle. The beginning of political-economic transformations at the beginning of the 1990s revealed weaknesses of the hitherto model of extensive development of this area, which is evidenced by such phenomena as collapse of many industrial plants, old-fashioned branch structure of industry with domination of mining and metallurgy, which requires profound restructuring. All these result in large structural unemployment, which will still increase in the feature. This, in turn, causes the increase of disproportions in the conditions and life-style of the region inhabitants. The barrier of restructuring is inefficient amount of financial measures and the territorial scale of the region, therefore the realisation of restructuring programme requires financial support from structural funds of the European Union.

The process of urban shrinkage has numerous causes; the consequences of this phenomenon are also varied. The common ground, both for causes and consequences of the described phenomenon, is the broadly understood urban policy. Under this term the authors of the book understand the whole of the activities conducted at various levels of urban development management, with special emphasis on the role of municipal authorities. Undoubtedly, the role of the authorities is crucial, for they constitute the body appointed in democratic elections (Mayor, Council), as an expression of community support. It is assumed this style, and no other, of urban policy, emphasizing and solving specific problems is acceptable by the local community. ; Książka sfinansowana z budżetu projektu unijnego: Shrink Smart. Governance of Shrinkage within a European Context, nr 225193