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Abstract. Genetic Similarity Theory extends Anthony D. Smith's theory of ethno‐symbolism by anchoring ethnic nepotism in the evolutionary psychology of altruism. Altruism toward kin and similar others evolved in order to help replicate shared genes. Since ethnic groups are repositories of shared genes, xenophobia is the 'dark side' of human altruism. A review of the literature demonstrates the pull of genetic similarity in dyads such as marriage partners and friendships, and even large groups, both national and international. The evidence that genes incline people to prefer others who are genetically similar to themselves comes from studies of social assortment, differential heritabilities, the comparison of identical and fraternal twins, blood tests, and family bereavements. DNA sequencing studies confirm some origin myths and disconfirm others; they also show that in comparison to the total genetic variance around the world, random co‐ethnics are related to each other on the order of first cousins.

Genetic Similarity Theory extends Anthony D. Smith's theory of ethno-symbolism by anchoring ethnic nepotism in the evolutionary psychology of altruism. Altruism toward kin & similar others evolved in order to help replicate shared genes. Since ethnic groups are repositories of shared genes, xenophobia is the 'dark side' of human altruism. A review of the literature demonstrates the pull of genetic similarity in dyads such as marriage partners & friendships, & even large groups, both national & international. The evidence that genes incline people to prefer others who are genetically similar to themselves comes from studies of social assortment, differential heritabilities, the comparison of identical & fraternal twins, blood tests, & family bereavements. DNA sequencing studies confirm some origin myths & disconfirm others; they also show that in comparison to the total genetic variance around the world, random co-ethnics are related to each other on the order of first cousins. 73 References. Adapted from the source document.

In response to the jointly established American & Canadian Psychological Assocs's "Initiative on Ethnopolitical Warfare," a genetic similarity theory of ethnic nationalism is described, showing that genes influence why people tend to marry & associate with others like themselves. The important pull of genetic similarity can be felt in both small groups & large ones (national & international). The reason people seek genetic similarity & fear or avoid dissimilarity is to be found in the sociobiology of altruism. Altruism to genetically similar others (extended kin) is an evolutionary mechanism that evolved to replicate similar genes. From this perspective, xenophobia can be perceived as the obverse concomitant of human altruism, & ethnic nationalism as a force inherent in human nature. 6 References. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractIn two studies, the General Factor of Personality (GFP) remained intact after controlling for the Lie scale from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, despite the Lie Scale showing significant correlations with the GFP defining traits. In Study 1, a re-analysis of 29 self-ratings from 322 pairs of twins (644 individuals) yielded a GFP both before and after controlling for social desirability. In Study 2, four measures of affect in 133 university students loaded on a GFP both before and after controlling for social desirability such that those high on the GFP were high in self-esteem and positive affect and low in depression and negative affect. These results join those from other studies failing to find evidence that the GFP is merely an artifact of evaluative bias.

AbstractWe reanalyze previously published data on 309 MZ and 333 DZ twin pairs aged 25 to 74 years from the MIDUS survey, a nationally representative archived sample, to examine how much of the genetic covariance between a general factor of personality (GFP), a lower-order life history factor, and a general physical and mental health factor, is of the nonadditive variety. We found nonadditive genetic effects (D) could not be ruled out as a contributor to the shared variance of these three latent factors to a Super-K Life History factor. We suggest these genetic correlations support the view that a slow (K-selected) life history strategy, good health, and the GFP coevolved and are mutually coadapted through directional selection.