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During the late 1970s and early 1980s, a cacophony of voices arose (mostly from the conservative wing of the Republican Party) asserting that the United States was in danger of being eclipsed by the Soviet Union. In short, the argument was "the sky is falling." President Reagan used the issue to great advantage during the 1980 presidential campaign, setting the stage for a massive increase in de- fense expenditures and the launching of the ambitious "Star Wars" pro- gram, the forerunner of the Clinton and Bush administrations' attempt to build a national missile defense system.

The article of record as published may be found at https://www.cidob.org/en/articulos/monografias/wise_cities_in_the_mediterranean/environmental_and_urban_security_risks_the_looming_symbiotic_crises_of_the_mediterranean_rim_cities ; This chapter argues that systemic environmental changes in the Mediterranean and the Middle East have the potential to combine with persistent political instability to create challenges for urban environments bordering the Mediterranean over the rest of the 21st century. These combined pressures could manifest themselves as unrest against city and state governance around the rim of the Mediterranean as these cities cope with the strains of population movements that will only gather momentum as the environmental pressures of higher temperatures, sea level rise and fresh water scarcity collide with inadequate urban infrastructures. Another central point of this chapter is that these challenges will fall mainly on city governments and their administrations. Mediterranean cities should neither expect nor count on relief from the states in which they exist.

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2014.893956 ; This article examines the complex legacy of David Petraeus who was a key figure in the emergence of the US military shift towards counterinsurgency doctrine in the years after 2006. Although Petraeus has been perceived by critics as a publicity seeker, he can be credited with laying the foundations for a more serious commitment to COIN involving in particular in integrating conventional and Special Forces in arenas like village stability operations. The article looks a Petraeus's role in both Iraq and Afghanistan: it concludes that, in the case of Afghanistan, it is too early to assess whether counterinsurgency has had a decisive impact of the outcome of the war against the Taliban.