Suchergebnisse

The present study attempts to characterize the features of a daily life of people who built the Baikal-Amur Mainline Railway in the 1930s. In 1932, in order to finish the building of the railway as soon as possible, a special corrective labor camp was organized in the system of Stalin's GULag (Main Directorate of Camps and Places of Incarceration) which was called Bamlag. In the camp there were many extraordinary people, some of them managed to keep diary entries even in such inhumane conditions. This epistolary heritage allows us to recreate to some extent the features of daily life of Bamlag inhabitants. The two main categories of any penitentiary institution are warders (guards) and prisoners. Just few of them are prone to sentimentality and desire to documentation of their own and surrounding life. However, even among these people there were the ones who sought to depict their daily lives. The study analyzes the diary entries of the guard I. Chistyakov and the prisoner N. Gapanovich.

The article examines the impact of art coaching on the creative potential of an individual during the crisis of self-identity, which arises due to the lack of an individual's emotional and creative perception of the surrounding reality in modern society. Based on an analysis of the empirical basis and relevant research, a range of socio-cultural issues that hinder the full realization of the client's potential are presented and made more concrete; the goals and prospects of art coaching in addressing these issues are identified; and an up-to-date approach for influencing the individual through various creative activities is proposed. The possibilities of contemporary culture and art in developing a person's creative capacity through art coaching are also discussed. The article discusses the mechanism of the impact of art coaching, which fosters and develops a need for acquiring life meanings and a cultural identity for a person. It has been concluded that the development of art coaching technologies has a positive impact on the formation of a creative identity as a cultural individual. The use of these techniques can contribute to the success of any person's activities, regardless of their age category or field of work.

The purpose of the study. The article discusses various axiological models of education in the aspect of ensuring the continuity of the educational process. Education is analyzed as a process that combines organizational, process and resultant components. The aim of the study is to identify and substantiate educational models from the point of view of value bases. This is due to the need to choose a specific model or a combination of them, depending on social conditions and institutional factors. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, the author comes to the conclusion that at present it is advisable to define a number of axiological educational models, each of which is based on certain value ideas about the images of the ideal personality of students: the traditional Christian image, the image based on socio-pedagogical determinism; the image based on natural determinism; the humanistic image. The philosophical-axiological approach allows us to distinguish four axiological models of education: theocentric, sociocentric, nature-centric and anthropocentric. The choice of a particular model is determined by the ideological orientation of the subject of the learning process, the specific historical conditions of the development of society, the state's requests for educational results, personal and professional qualities of students. The author concludes that there is a need for a differentiated approach to the definition of a specific axiological model of education, which will be more effective if it is enriched with elements of other models.

In the article, amid the confrontation between the two main trends in the devel­opment of modern world's civilization – humanism and technocracy – the inter­action of digital culture and man is considered. The basis of the analysis is the statement of the fundamental division of culture into digital and non-digital components. The content of the latter consists of phenomena and processes rep­resenting metaphysical dimensions of being, ideological and spiritual founda­tions, moral aspects of religions and arts. Taking into account such a division, a provision is being developed on the limits of both the digitalization of the cul­ture of society and the movement of a person towards acquiring the qualities of a "virtual". The mechanisms of interaction between digital culture and person­ality are the changing content of the components that make up the structure of spiritual culture and are located at three levels – behavioral, ideological, ge­netic. Their generalized dynamics implements the way of functioning and de­velopment of the phenomenon of culture, which consists in the simultaneous development of innovations and the support of traditions. At the same time, the emergence of innovations is mainly associated with the transformation of be­havioral and ideological layers that actively respond to the impact of cyberspace, and the maintenance of traditions is mainly due to the peculiarities of the content and development of the genetic layer.

This paper analyzes the impact of the import substitution policy on the socio-economic security of the Russian Federation. This issue is particularly relevant in the context of foreign economic pressure, as a result of which the domestic market needs to strengthen its own production to meet domestic demand and support export-oriented enterprises. The remarkable thing is that the Western sanctions imposed against Russia after the start of the special military operation in Ukraine, not only disrupted the logistics chains with key players in the world market, but also put Russia in front of the need to intensify innovation activities in terms of developing the nec-essary technologies that can replace the lost ones to ensure self-sufficiency of Russian enterprises, including export-oriented ones. The alternative to this is technology transfer. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that ensur-ing the socio-economic security of the Russian Federation requires the development of new strategies within the framework of import substitution policy.

Background. The relevance of this work is due to the active development of domestic business in the context of the actualization of the sustainable development agenda, as well as the development of the concept of social responsibility in Russia. The purpose of the article is to identify the role of corporate social responsibility as a direction for improving small and medium-sized businesses. Materials and methods. Within the framework of the conducted research, approaches to the study of social responsibility of business were studied both by foreign - E. Sharm, M. Porter, A. Carroll, T. Lee, - and domestic scientists - M.V. Kivarin, E. Grigoryan, I. Yurasov, V. Gorfinkel, N. Rodionova, N. Filimonova, etc., as well as the results of a sociological study using the questionnaire survey method (n = 391), the distribution of respondents was carried out by federal districts in accordance with the proportion of the number of small and medium-sized enterprises of the district in the overall structure small and medium-sized businesses in Russia. Results. The key advantages and possible risks of integrating the principles of corporate social responsibility into the activities of small and medium-sized businesses are identified. The key trends and opportunities that can become a driver in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises operating in conditions of economic tension are analyzed. Conclusions. In the conditions of a narrow radius of trust characteristic of modern Russian society, the integration of corporate social responsibility is a driver of improvement of small and medium-sized businesses.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of state programs to support small and medium-sized businesses on the example of the Central Federal District. The study examined existing approaches to assessing the effectiveness of state support for small and medium-sized businesses. The advantages and disadvantages of existing approaches were studied, as well as cases of their application were identified. Based on the analysis of existing approaches, the author's evaluation model was developed, which has a hybrid form. This is reflected in the fact that both objective and subjective indicators are used in assessing the effectiveness of state programs to support small and medium-sized businesses. The peculiarity of the model is the formation of an integral indicator to simplify the interpretation of indicators. Then the model was tested on the example of the regions of the Central Federal District. Based on the results of the analysis, the results for all regions were determined, as well as the problematic aspects related to the application of the developed model and ways to solve them were identified. Conclusions. At the moment, there is no unified approach to assessing the effectiveness of state programs to support small and medium-sized businesses. The need to improve existing approaches is due to the limited results in the context of the completeness of the assessment of the effectiveness of state support.