Suchergebnisse

La stampa 3D sta cambiando il mondo. Non si tratta soltanto delle cose che si possono materializzare ovvero stampare con una semplice macchina dal prezzo non più proibitivo (a partire da poche centinaia di euro) – una stampante 3D – e attraverso software, proprio come si fa da tempo con le classiche stampanti 2D. Questa tecnologia consente oggi la realizzazione di oggetti personalizzati depositando materiale plastico dall'alto oppure di lato (processo additivo). Tali progetti – i nuovi prodotti stampati – rappresentano la materializzazione di un sogno domestico; non si tratta di una nuova produzione industriale dettata dall'alto (come nella grande industria), ma di un'azione estemporanea, anzi di tante azioni non orchestrate, per così dire dal basso, una sorta di movimento fattuale animato caoticamente da progettisti, designer, auto-produttori e piccoli imprenditori che potrebbero – e già lo stanno facendo – sovvertire i tradizionali rapporti progettista-produttore-commerciante-utente. Sempre più spesso, infatti, chi stampa oggetti utilizza e veicola esperienze e conoscenze open-source in una condivisione virtuale che si amplifica al crescere della globalizzazione. Ciò significa, in breve, che sempre più utenti possono impiegare questa tecnologia oggi immediatamente fruibile in termini sia economici sia di know-how e flusso informativo. È il portato della III fase della Rivoluzione industriale, contrassegnata dal digitale, che ci renderà tutti più creativi e liberi? È l'inizio di una sperimentazione sui materiali che parte dalla plastica e arriva chissà dove, passando per l'argilla e per il cemento? È una nuova maniera felicemente democratica per realizzare prodotti a chilometro zero? Con costi relativamente bassi e fonti di energia rinnovabile? La stampa 3D, insomma, sta davvero cambiando il mondo?

Sharing health and social care data is essential to the delivery of high quality health care as well as disease surveillance, public health, and for conducting research. However, these societal benefits may be constrained by privacy and data protection principles. Hence, societies are striving to find a balance between the two competing public interests. Whilst the spread of IT advancements in recent decades has increased the demand for an increased privacy and data protection in many ways health is a special case. UK are adopting guidelines, codes of conduct and regulatory instruments aimed to implement privacy principles into practical settings and enhance public trust. Accordingly, in 2015, the UK National Data Guardian (NDG) requested to conduct a further review of data protection, referred to as Caldicott 3. The scope of this review is to strengthen data security standards and confidentiality. It also proposes a consent system based on an "opt-out" model rather than on "opt-in.Across Europe as well as internationally the privacy-health data sharing balance is not fixed. In Europe enactment of the new EU Data Protection Regulation in 2016 constitute a major breakthrough, which is likely to have a profound effect on European countries and beyond. In Australia and across North America different ways are being sought to balance out these twin requirements of a modern society - to preserve privacy alongside affording high quality health care for an ageing population. Whilst in the UK privacy legal framework remains complex and fragmented into different layers of legislation, which may negatively impact on both the rights to privacy and health the UK is at the forefront in the uptake of international and EU privacy and data protection principles. And, if the privacy regime were reorganised in a more comprehensive manner, it could be used as a sound implementation model for other countries.

Checklists represent a basic tool for conservation and management of regional faunas. However, our knowledge on species composition in a territory changes over time due to species movements across borders, extinctions, introductions, as well as to new taxonomic evidence. We aimed to provide the most updated data on native and non-native species of mammals occurring, or that used to occur until recently, on the Italian political territory and seas. The checklist only includes species whose taxonomic status was explicitly agreed in the most recent peer-reviewed literature and based on the most updated taxonomic approaches. For each species, we provided the following information: scientific and common name, global and Italian range, relevant information for management and conservation (e.g. whether it is endemic, allochthonous, or listed in international regulations and red list assessments), as well as remarks on taxonomy and distribution. This new check list of Italian mammal fauna includes nine marine and 114 terrestrial species, belonging to seven orders (Erinaceomorpha, Soricomorpha, Chiroptera, Carnivora, Cetartiodactyla, Rodentia, Lagomorpha), and 28 families. Vespertilionidae represents the richest family (n=27 species), followed by Cricetidae (n=12) and Soricidae (n=11). The list includes 15–16 allocthonous species. Considering the relative small size of the country, Italy is confirmed as a hotspot of mammal diversity in Europe, hosting the highest species richness in relation to the total area.

Checklists represent a basic tool for conservation and management of regional faunas. However, our knowledge on species composition in a territory changes over time due to species movements across borders, extinctions, introductions, as well as to new taxonomic evidence. We aimed to provide the most updated data on native and non-native species of mammals occurring, or that used to occur until recently, on the Italian political territory and seas. The checklist only includes species whose taxonomic status was explicitly agreed in the most recent peer-reviewed literature and based on the most updated taxonomic approaches. For each species, we provided the following information: scientific and common name, global and Italian range, relevant information for management and conservation (e.g. whether it is endemic, allochthonous, or listed in international regulations and red list assessments), as well as remarks on taxonomy and distribution. This new check list of Italian mammal fauna includes nine marine and 114 terrestrial species, belonging to seven orders (Erinaceomorpha, Soricomorpha, Chiroptera, Carnivora, Cetartiodactyla, Rodentia, Lagomorpha), and 28 families. Vespertilionidae represents the richest family (n=27 species), followed by Cricetidae (n=12) and Soricidae (n=11). The list includes 15–16 allocthonous species. Considering the relative small size of the country, Italy is confirmed as a hotspot of mammal diversity in Europe, hosting the highest species richness in relation to the total area.