Suchergebnisse

The main idea of the paper states that national migration indicators are closely related with employment opportunities in that country. In addition, the management quality of migration and employment processes is an indicator of the national socio-economic policy competency, while management of these processes is the main purpose of intelligent adjustment of the national fiscal policy and government debt management. The author of the paper selected the formation of the system of quantitative indicators as the main objective of the paper. The system should allow employing government debt possibilities for the selection of proper fiscal policy in order to prevent the transformation of unemployment into the key reason of uncontrolled national inflation. This would be done by revealing the possibilities of fiscal policy to impact on the level and structure of unemployment. Recent globalisation processes and integration possibilities bring a lot of uncertainty to predetermined viability of theoretical assumptions as well as the adequacy of the applied quantitative methods. The paper uses the possibilities of stochastic optimisation and stochastically informed expertise pursuing the possibilities of integrated management of employment, migration processes, fiscal policy and government debt provisions.

The main idea of the paper states that national migration indicators are closely related with employment opportunities in that country. In addition, the management quality of migration and employment processes is an indicator of the national socio-economic policy competency, while management of these processes is the main purpose of intelligent adjustment of the national fiscal policy and government debt management. The author of the paper selected the formation of the system of quantitative indicators as the main objective of the paper. The system should allow employing government debt possibilities for the selection of proper fiscal policy in order to prevent the transformation of unemployment into the key reason of uncontrolled national inflation. This would be done by revealing the possibilities of fiscal policy to impact on the level and structure of unemployment. Recent globalisation processes and integration possibilities bring a lot of uncertainty to predetermined viability of theoretical assumptions as well as the adequacy of the applied quantitative methods. The paper uses the possibilities of stochastic optimisation and stochastically informed expertise pursuing the possibilities of integrated management of employment, migration processes, fiscal policy and government debt provisions.

The stochastic nature of investment process implies that it should be treated not unambiguously. Instead of concentrating only on possible return, it is worth analysing three parameters when we discuss the future investment results. These parameters are return possibility, reliability of this possibility, and the riskiness. The stochastic informative expert system for investment allows to analyse the behaviour of financial markets, forecasting the dynamics of stock prices and, along with that, rationally allocating investment resources. The proposed system is based on the adequate portfolio model, previously developed by the authors. Considering the real-time characteristics of financial markets, the system can be useful for individual investors, as well as for institutional investors, such as investment funds. Also, the authors propose the original risk tolerance determination methodology, which divides investors into three categories according their risk tolerance. The system can be applicable not only to capital markets, but also to other business or macroeconomic processes. As an example, a portfolio of the interaction of macroeconomic indicators with USA, UK, and Lithuanian data is developed. Such results could be useful for economists and governments in order to attain the higher value added in a particular country.

The stochastic nature of investment process implies that it should be treated not unambiguously. Instead of concentrating only on possible return, it is worth analysing three parameters when we discuss the future investment results. These parameters are return possibility, reliability of this possibility, and the riskiness. The stochastic informative expert system for investment allows to analyse the behaviour of financial markets, forecasting the dynamics of stock prices and, along with that, rationally allocating investment resources. The proposed system is based on the adequate portfolio model, previously developed by the authors. Considering the real-time characteristics of financial markets, the system can be useful for individual investors, as well as for institutional investors, such as investment funds. Also, the authors propose the original risk tolerance determination methodology, which divides investors into three categories according their risk tolerance. The system can be applicable not only to capital markets, but also to other business or macroeconomic processes. As an example, a portfolio of the interaction of macroeconomic indicators with USA, UK, and Lithuanian data is developed. Such results could be useful for economists and governments in order to attain the higher value added in a particular country.

Textiles is one of the largest industries in the world, creating significant volumes of trade, export, and jobs. In the European Union, this industry is essential and attempts to retain and increase competitiveness. Most of the textile and clothing sector production is exported; thus, adequate orientation to export markets is essential. The paper's objective is to determine the countries suitable for exporting the textile production of Lithuania and similar countries using the adequate portfolio model. The adequate portfolio treats the export possibilities according to three parameters: return, reliability, and risk. Clothing annual average index data across countries obtained from the Eurostat database were used for calculations. After performing the research, three portfolio cases were proposed, and the most profitable export countries and their given return were determined. Research results can be applied to the whole country and for individual textile exporting enterprises.

The paper analyses the possibilities of optimal government (national) debt management, trying to maximize the made-up net value for the debtor with the help of funds borrowed by the government. The integral portfolio of debtor assets and debt service liabilities, based on the borrowed funds, is chosen as a solution for the above-described problem. In the paper, an asset is understood as a position of government expenditures, where funds borrowed by the government are used and create a quantifiable profit (value) or the measurable damage or loss is avoided if funds are borrowed. Actually, liabilities are the main debt service positions. Naturally, the value generated by assets, as well as funds spent to settle the liabilities, could be analytically adequately evaluated only in stochastic dimension. Consequently, multidimensional multicriteria stochastic optimization technique is used as a technical solution to the formulated problem. In analytical decisions, the budget funds borrowed by the government are treated as marginal funds. Taking into account a completely new decision technique that has been invoked for government debt management, the methods of decisions are described quite particularly. First published online:02 Oct 2013

The paper analyses the possibilities of optimal government (national) debt management, trying to maximize the made-up net value for the debtor with the help of funds borrowed by the government. The integral portfolio of debtor assets and debt service liabilities, based on the borrowed funds, is chosen as a solution for the above-described problem. In the paper, an asset is understood as a position of government expenditures, where funds borrowed by the government are used and create a quantifiable profit (value) or the measurable damage or loss is avoided if funds are borrowed. Actually, liabilities are the main debt service positions. Naturally, the value generated by assets, as well as funds spent to settle the liabilities, could be analytically adequately evaluated only in stochastic dimension. Consequently, multidimensional multicriteria stochastic optimization technique is used as a technical solution to the formulated problem. In analytical decisions, the budget funds borrowed by the government are treated as marginal funds. Taking into account a completely new decision technique that has been invoked for government debt management, the methods of decisions are described quite particularly. First published online:02 Oct 2013

The concept of sustainability, and especially sustainable development, is among the most ambitious and controversial concepts in the scientific literature. Knowledge and research concerning the condition, development or transformation of sustainability has become not only the original means of the generation of socio-economic science knowledge. It is also an alternative for the analysis of especially sophisticated development problems – e.g. the problems of survival, effective change and avoidance of huge losses pertaining to such complexes as cities, countries or regions. Finding the ways of such knowledge conversion into the field of science is complex, but there is no alternative. Research of sustainable development has already become especially prevalent, and, thus, the objects of cognition should be structured, possibilities should be consolidated, and the efficiency of the use of resources must be elevated. The first challenge of sustainability research conversion into the sustainability science is a thorough mastering of the systemic research technologies, as well as the development of the principal methodology of systemic research while evolving the possibilities of civilisation survival on Earth. The objective of the research is to find an adequate quantitative measure of complex system development sustainability and investigate in detail the type of development of a small country or region that could be named as a realisation of sustainable development possibilities. The methodology of the research includes the application of an adequate portfolio model, stochastic optimisation, and systemic analysis. The conclusions obtained by the research state that development possibilities of a small country should not be evaluated only in terms of economic-ecological aspects; more components, such as politics, integration, marketing, social-demographics, creativity, religion, innovation, finance, and investment should be included, which could be logically divided into four subsystems of country universal ...

The imposition of labour market policy measures have significant social and economic consequences. Changes in taxes and social contributions can influence labour market processes significantly. The analysed literature displays the conclusions based on mathematical research models that determine the impact of the tax policy on employment and on different segments of labour market. The variety of mathematical methods that is applied to the analysis of the dependence between labour market and taxes is explained by the particuliarity of the object and aim of the research. For the research in the Lithuanian labour market the compatibility of categories in the application of the mathematical models adapted to other countries is needed. In the monograph influence of taxes and social insurance payments on employment, unemployment and policy of labour market is discussed. In the first part mathematical models that are used in EU for quantitative evaluation of relation between labour market and taxes are analyzed. In the second part tax system, its structure, influence of taxes on state finance, their relation with economic and social processes are analyzed. The main tendencies of Lithuanian tax development, the basic factors and their influence on economic and social processes are revealed. In the third part the essential elements of Lithuanian labour market, its role and changes determined by laws of labour market and state regulations are evaluated. In the fourth part econometric model of relation between taxes and social payments is presented. Quantitative relations of these processes are revealed. The monograph is devoted to scientific workers, students, creators of tax and labour policy who are interested in problems of taxes and labour market.

The imposition of labour market policy measures have significant social and economic consequences. Changes in taxes and social contributions can influence labour market processes significantly. The analysed literature displays the conclusions based on mathematical research models that determine the impact of the tax policy on employment and on different segments of labour market. The variety of mathematical methods that is applied to the analysis of the dependence between labour market and taxes is explained by the particuliarity of the object and aim of the research. For the research in the Lithuanian labour market the compatibility of categories in the application of the mathematical models adapted to other countries is needed. In the monograph influence of taxes and social insurance payments on employment, unemployment and policy of labour market is discussed. In the first part mathematical models that are used in EU for quantitative evaluation of relation between labour market and taxes are analyzed. In the second part tax system, its structure, influence of taxes on state finance, their relation with economic and social processes are analyzed. The main tendencies of Lithuanian tax development, the basic factors and their influence on economic and social processes are revealed. In the third part the essential elements of Lithuanian labour market, its role and changes determined by laws of labour market and state regulations are evaluated. In the fourth part econometric model of relation between taxes and social payments is presented. Quantitative relations of these processes are revealed. The monograph is devoted to scientific workers, students, creators of tax and labour policy who are interested in problems of taxes and labour market.