Suchergebnisse

This article provides an analysis of the relations and influences between a forgotten protagonist of transnational communism in the twentieth century, the Austrian Franz Marek, and the Italian Communist Party (PCI). By tracing these very relations, it is possible to understand the importance of transnational political and intellectual networks for the international communist movement. Focusing on the period ranging from 1945 to Marek's death in 1979, the article interprets the importance of Marek as a Marxist intellectual and political figure in Europe. From his prominent role in the Austrian Communist Party, to his engagement in theoretical discussions, Marek's life was that of a fervent Marxist. Whether as a political interlocutor or Marxist philosopher and theorist, in both cases the PCI was interested in the words of Franz Marek and fascinated by his theoretical thoughts. His studies of Gramsci were the proverbial cherry on the cake. Not only did he not become an outlaw when ousted from the Austrian Communist Party in 1970, the exchange continued to intensify, and he was involved to some extent in all theoretical discussions of the PCI, even though this posed a problem for many a brother party.

By comparing the consequences of post-war events on the communist world of the Julian March and South Tyrol, the essay illustrates the different perspectives of the communist parties involved in the cross-country region between Austria, Italy and Yugoslavia. At the heart of the analysis is the PCI's strategy towards the two border regions. The Italian party sought to establish and legitimize itself as a political force in two regional scenarios. In the Julian March and Trieste, the obstacles presented to the PCI were manifold. This was due to the very dynamic foreign policy of the Government in Belgrade and its longa manus in the region, the Slovene CP, which intended to incorporate the entire Julian March into Socialist Yugoslavia. The situation in South Tyrol was very different: here, the PCI first chose a policy of strength, especially towards the initial antagonism of the Austrian CP.

Als Deutschland 1941 Jugoslawien zerschlug, war auch Italien zur Stelle. Italienische Truppen besetzten beträchtliche Teile des Landes und etablierten dort bis 1943 ein brutales Besatzungsregime – in Kooperation mit dem deutschen "Achsen"-Partner, im Konflikt mit den kroatischen Verbündeten und in schärfster Konfrontation mit den kommunistischen Partisanen. Auf Basis bislang unbeachteter Quellen analysiert Karlo Ruzicic-Kessler dieses schreckliche Kapitel der europäischen Geschichte auf dem Balkan, das unzureichend aufgearbeitet wurde und das deshalb bis heute nachwirkt.

Frontmatter -- Table of Contents -- Abbreviations -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- Socialist Yugoslavia: A Cold War Crossroads -- Soviet Perceptions and Evaluations of Yugoslav Domestic and Foreign Policy during the Years of the Soviet-Yugoslav Conflict -- A Cold War in the Neighbourhood: Yugoslav-Albanian Relations after World War II -- Coping with the Regional Cold War: The Yugoslav-Greek Connection, 1944–1980 -- Shaping Afro-Asia and Non-Alignment: The Sino-Yugoslav Struggle for Leadership in the Third World during the 1950s and 1960s -- In the Shadow of Transition: U.S.-Yugoslav Relations, 1966 to 1980 -- In the Aftermath of the Prague Spring: Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia 1969–1973 -- Austria and Yugoslavia in the Cold War, 1945–1991: From Postwar Cold War to Détente and Dissolution -- The Adriatic Section of the Iron Curtain: Italy, Yugoslavia, and the Question of Trieste during the Cold War -- The Path to Interregional Cooperation in Cold War Europe: The Alps-Adriatic Region -- In Search of Modus Vivendi: Yugoslavia and the Holy See 1963–1971 -- Cooperation despite Stark Scepticism: The European Economic Community and Socialist Yugoslavia in the 1970s -- A Failed Transition: Ante Marković, the European Commission, and the End of the Cold War (1989–1990) -- Yugoslavia in the Cold War: Afterword -- Notes on Contributors -- Name Index

This volume is the result of collaboration between historians and scientific institutions in Austria and Italy. It covers two major topics: the bilateral contacts in the 20th century between the two neighbouring countries and the role of the South Tyrol question in this relationship. In the Rome-Vienna-Bolzano triangle, the most important intersections of this continuously maintained relationship are illuminated and central questions of recent European history are examined: the treatment of national minorities, the work of authoritarian regimes as well as democratization and the process of European integration. The aim of this volume is to map the current state of research, to open up possible new fields of research and to give new impulses to the historiographical dialogue between Rome and Vienna.; Dieser Band ist das Ergebnis der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Historikern und wissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen in Österreich und Italien. Er umfasst zwei große Themenbereiche: die bilateralen Kontakte im 20. Jahrhundert zwischen den beiden Nachbarländern sowie die Rolle der Südtirolfrage in diesem Verhältnis. Im Dreieck Rom-Wien-Bozen werden die wichtigsten Schnittpunkte dieser fortwährend aufrechterhaltenen Beziehung beleuchtet und zentrale Fragen der jüngsten europäischen Geschichte untersucht: der Umgang mit nationalen Minderheiten, das Wirken autoritärer Regimes sowie die Demokratisierung und der Prozess der europäischen Integration. Ziel dieses Bandes ist es, den derzeitigen Forschungsstand abzubilden, mögliche neue Forschungsfelder zu eröffnen und dem historiografischen Dialog zwischen Rom und Wien neue Impulse zu verleihen.