Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis response by Peter Bol to my earlier article 'Manchu Empire or China Historical GIS?' presents a welcome admission of the China Historical Geographic Information System's Sinocentric depiction of Inner Asian polities not part of China during the Qing period, though at times loosely included in a greater Chinese empire or claimed by Manchu rulers.With this clarification, I thank Bol for his forthrightness. Bol's subsequent critique of my article as promoting historical GIS only where detailed historical maps and boundaries are available is, however, a misunderstanding of the central point of my argument.

AbstractThis study critiques the China Historical Geographic Information System in terms of its failure to distinguish between regions of Chinese civilisation that were directly incorporated into an imperial field administration and Inner Asian regions under indigenous polities. Although the focus of this study is on eastern Tibet, specifically China's southwestern Tibetan Frontier in Sichuan, the general methodological approach employed is relevant to the entire Inner Asian cultural region. Despite China's long history, only some eastern Tibetan communities located along the transition zone between the eastern Tibetan Plateau and agrarian China were integrated into the traditional Chinese field administration. Most of this expansion occurred during the last dynasty known as the Qing or Manchu, c. 1644–1911.

This study documents an ongoing project compiling and publishing open access Historical GIS manuals, and associated datasets, for teaching the Regional Systems approach to mapping historical world economies to undergraduate and graduate students with no prior knowledge of GIS. Regional Systems Theory was pioneered by the anthropologist G. W. Skinner (lived 1925-2008) to map and measure the effects of economic systems on social and cultural processes over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Paul, J. J.: Historical setting. - S. 1-59. Ryavec, K. E.: Geographic and demographic setting. - S. 61-116. Heitzman, J.: Religious life. - S. 117-178. Thrasher, A. W.: Language, ethnicity, and regionalism. - S. 179-230. Jacobson, D.: Social systems. - S. 231-293. Rogers, J. D. ; Worden, R. L.: Character and structure of the economy. - S. 295-378. Bhargava, A.: Agriculture. - S. 379-428. Echeverri-Gent, J.: Government and politics. - S. 429-506. Sismanidis, R. D. V.: Foreign relations. - S. 507-560. Ganguly, S.: National security. - S. 561-621