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The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 (CRC) is incorporated in Norwegian law by the Human Rights Act. This chapter explores and analyse the legislative effect of this legal incorporation. It provides an overview of legislative amendments that the CRC has catalysed and cases in the Norwegian Supreme Court in which the CRC has been invoked. In several judgments, the CRC has been a central issue and the Court has divided over its interpretation. Drawing on the CRC committee's concluding observations, the chapter also reflects on contemporary challenges in the implementation of CRC in the Norwegian legal system. ; publishedVersion

AcknowledgementNotes on ContributorsChapter 1Discriminating Children.Katre Luhamaa, Marit Skivenes & Karl Harald SøvigChapter 2Article 2 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: Non-Discrimination and Children's Rights.Elaine E. SutherlandChapter 3Respecting Age: Discrimination against the Young and the Old.David ArchardChapter 4 The Ageing of Article 2(1): The Child's Right to be Free from Age-Based Discrimination.Claire Breen Chapter 5Illegitimate Consequences of 'Illegitimacy'?: Article 2 UNCRC and Non-Marital Children in the British Isles.Brian SloanChapter 6 The non-discrimination principle in child protection: a snapshot on a seemingly trivial practice of transitions in care.Tarja PösöChapter 7That time of the month: discrimination against girl children who cannot afford sanitary health care.Lize Mills & Comine HoweChapter 8 Collateral Damage: Discrimination in Failure-to-Protect Laws for Children's Wellbeing.D. Kelly WeisbergChapter 9 Citizen Children and Unauthorized Immigrant Parents: Can Best Interest Analysis Relive Discrimination Based on Status.Linda ElrodChapter 10 Hidden discriminatory practices in access to education for children with disabilities -- a challenge for children's rights.Trynie BoezaartChapter 11 Starting from the System Building -- Child Protection in China.Liu HuawenChapter 12The importance of Article 2 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child for refugee children.Sonia HumanChapter 13 Birth and Status: the Ongoing Discrimination against Children in Scots law based on Parentage.Gillian BlackIndex

Despite the increasing availability of direct-to-c onsumer (DTC)genetic testing, it is currently unclear how such services are regulated in Europe, due to the lack of EU or national legislation specifically addressing this issue. In this article, we provide an overview of laws that could potentially impact the regulation of DTC genetic testing in 26 European countries, namely Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Emphasis is placed on provisions relating to medical supervision, genetic counselling and informed consent. Our results indicate that currently there is a wide spectrum of laws regarding genetic testing in Europe. There are countries (e.g. France and Germany) which essentially ban DTC genetic testing, while in others (e.g. Luxembourg and Poland) DTC genetic testing may only be restricted by general laws, usually regarding health care services and patients' rights.

Despite the increasing availability of direct-to-c onsumer (DTC)genetic testing, it is currently unclear how such services are regulated in Europe, due to the lack of EU or national legislation specifically addressing this issue. In this article, we provide an overview of laws that could potentially impact the regulation of DTC genetic testing in 26 European countries, namely Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Emphasis is placed on provisions relating to medical supervision, genetic counselling and informed consent. Our results indicate that currently there is a wide spectrum of laws regarding genetic testing in Europe. There are countries (e.g. France and Germany) which essentially ban DTC genetic testing, while in others (e.g. Luxembourg and Poland) DTC genetic testing may only be restricted by general laws, usually regarding health care services and patients' rights.