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With a staggering 450 million internal migrants (as of the 2011 census), migration has become integral to the political economy of India. India also has the largest diaspora in the world, numbering 18 million people. The modes, institutions, and ideological underpinnings of migration governance vis-à-vis both internal and international migration have witnessed substantial shifts and continuities ever since the ascendance of the NDA (National Democratic Alliance) led Modi government in 2014.

The India Migration Report 2023: Student Migration is one of the first books that attempts to comprehensively explore the various nuances of Indian international student migration factoring in multiple factors that influence the migration journey of Indian students. It also looks into other migration stories including internal and international returnees, various impacts of remittances, and migration in the context of the pandemic. This volume: Inspect the factors driving the student migration from India, accounting for both the historical and current happenings influencing these factors. Following the pandemic, the book highlights the challenges faced by Indian international students in accessing health care and other related services which goes on to push them into vulnerable situations Outlines the reasoning behind Indian students' decision to emigrate and how families play an important role in influencing key migration decisions made by students and the different patterns of student migration observed in India Examines the employment challenges experienced, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic, by the highly skilled Indian migrants and Indian international students Describes the role that recruitment and consultancy agencies play in international student mobility (ISM) and examines the intricate relationship between migrant agencies and migration facilitation Investigates the psychological, economic and social challenges faced by Indian international students during their migration journey both during and after the completion of their course abroad Provides a critical overview of the conditions of both internal and international returnees to different parts of India Studies the impact of remittances on migrant households including their consumption patterns and human capital investment Analyses interstate migration networks through the prism of gender and critically assesses how gender migration patterns have altered throughout time Scholars, students, researchers, academicians, policymakers or anyone with an interest in migration, migration politics, economics, social psychology, migration policies, development studies, sociology, social anthropology and gender studies will find this book on Indian student migration extremely informative. The book is a comprehensive collection of various studies that look into the multiple aspects of student migration but also extend to other pertinent issues of Indian migration that are extremely relevant at this given point in time.

Part 1. Governance and Mobility: Retrospect and Prospect -- 1. Migration in South Asia: Old and New Mobilities (S Irudaya Rajan) -- 2. Internal and Forced Migration and Economic Development in South Asia (Mehdi Chowdhury and Syed Naimul Wadood) -- 3. Non-traditional Migration in South Asia (AKM Ahsan Ullah, Mallik Akram Hossain and Ahmed Shafiqul Huque) -- 4. International Migration in Bangladesh: A Political Economic Overview (Hasan Mahmud) -- 5. Labour Migration from Nepal: Trends and Explanations (Jagannath Adhikari, Mahendra Kumar Rai, Chiranjivi Baral and Mahendra Subedi) -- 6. Navigating between Nation and Civilization: Regimes of Citizenship and Migration under Bharatiya Janata Party (Samir Kumar Das) -- 7. Understanding Temporary Labour Migration through the Lens of Caste: India Case Study (S IrudayaRajan, Kunal Keshri and Priya Deshingkar) -- 8. Attraction and Detraction: Migration Drivers in Bhutan (Mayur A Gosai and Leanne Sulewski) -- Part 2: Family, Health and Demographics -- 9. An Analysis of the Impact of International Remittances on Child Education: Evidence from Pakistan (Hisaya Oda) -- 10. Female Migration and Stay-Behind Children in Bangladesh (Sabnam Sarmin Luna) -- Part 3: Forced Migration -- 11. A Threat or an Opportunity? Internal Migration in the Context of Climate Extremes in Pakistan (Kashif Majeed Salik, Maryum Shabbir, Khansa Naeem and Junaid Zahid) -- 12. Local Expert Perceptions of Creeping Environmental Changes and Responses in Maldives (Robert Stojanov and Ilan Kelman) -- 13. From Muhājir to āwāra: Figures of Migration and Exile among Afghans (Khadija Abbasi and Alessandro Monsutti) -- 14. Health beyond Borders: Migration and Precarity in South Asia (Anuj Kapilashrami and Ekatha Ann John) -- 15. Migration, Development within the SAARC Framework: Towards a Migration Governance Model of the Future (S. Irudaya Rajan and Ashwin Kumar).

This open access Regional Reader provides a contemporary look at the emerging challenges and issues facing South Asian migration amidst covid-19 and discusses a framework for a sustainable and cooperative migration from and within the region, which will impact both the economic and regional development of South Asia. The book draws a focus on this area through an interdisciplinary and holistic lens and follows the three broad areas of migration studies in South Asia: Governance and mobility, Family, health and demography, and Forced migration. It thereby covers a number of issues from South Asian countries such as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and the Maldives. This book is a valuable resource for those who want to understand the dynamics of migration from the largest migrant-sending region in the world and one which will determine the shape of global migration patterns in the future.

"India Migration Report 2022 is one of the first volumes to focus comprehensively on Indian health professionals' migration. The essays in the volume discuss the reasons, challenges and opportunities that daunt and prompt health professionals to migrate within and outside India. This volume: - Explores the history of migration of health professionals, especially nurses from India; - Focuses in economic and social drivers of migration among health professionals; - Examines shifting patterns in migration as well as emergence of new destinations for migrants; - Studies the economic and social impact of COVID-19 among migrant health professionals; - Highlights the influence of remittances on rural economies in India. Timely, data-driven and drawing on exhaustive fieldwork, the volume looks at Indian health professionals in North America, Middle East, Asia Pacific and South Asia. It will be of interest to scholars and researchers of development studies, public health, public policy, economics, demography, sociology and social anthropology, and migration and diaspora studies"--

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- Notes on contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 The Women Who Paved the Way: At the Beginning of Indian Nurses' Migration -- Chapter 2 Decision-Making of International Destination: A Case Study of Indian Nurses in New Zealand -- Chapter 3 Analysing Health Professional Mobility from India to Canada -- Chapter 4 Becoming a Migrant Healthcare Worker: Interrogating Gender and Migration -- Chapter 5 Beyond the Caring Obligation: Indian Nurses Negotiating Nursing Care and Migration -- Chapter 6 Indian-EU Healthcare Workforce Migration in Data 2000-2019 -- Chapter 7 An Analysis of Nurses' Intention Not to Migrate: Evidence from Nurses in Tamil Nadu -- Chapter 8 Health Worker Mobility from India: Trends and Opportunities for International Cooperation -- Chapter 9 The Transmutation of Care and Emotional Labour for a Technologically Advanced Workplace: A Case of Indian Nurse Migration -- Chapter 10 India and the Global Provision of Health Professionals: Recent Developments and Potential Policy Responses -- Chapter 11 Aspirations of Health Professionals in India for Migration Abroad: A Pre-COVID and COVID-Time Comparison of Nurses -- Chapter 12 South-South Migration: Southern Interpretations of a Northern Discourse -- Chapter 13 Non-payment of Wages Among Gulf returnees in the First Wave of COVID-19 -- Chapter 14 Do Remittances Affect Labour Supply Decisions at a Household Level in India? -- Chapter 15 COVID-19 and International Migrants: Results from Post-Flood Migrant Survey in Kerala -- Chapter 16 Internal Migrant Enumeration and Service Provision: A Municipal Governance Approach -- Chapter 17 Shutdown Workers and Role of Agents in Tamil Nadu.

This handbook marks a key intervention in refugee studies in India--home to diverse groups of refugees, including an entire government in exile. It unravels the various socio-economic, political and cultural dimensions of refugee issues in India. The volume examines the various legal, political and policy frameworks for accommodating refugees or asylum seekers in India, including the Citizenship Amendment Act and the National Registry of Citizens. It evaluates the lack of uniformity in the Indian legal and political framework to deal with its refugee population and analyses the grounds of inclusion or exclusion for different groups. Drawing from the experiences of Jewish, Tibetan, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan, Afghan, and Rohingya refugees in India, it analyses debates around marginalization, citizenship and refugee rights. It also explores the spatial and gendered dimensions of forced migration and the cultural and social lives of displaced communities, including their quest for decent work, education, and health. The volume will be an indispensable reference for scholars, researchers and students of refugee studies, migration and diaspora studies, public policy, social policy and development studies.

India Migration Report 2020 examines how migration surveys operate to collect, analyse and bring to life socio-economic issues in social science research. With a focus on the strategies and the importance of information collected by Kerala Migration Surveys since 1998, the volume: Explores the effect of male migration on women left behind; attitudes of male migrants within households; the role of transnational migration and it effect on attitudes towards women; Investigates consumption of remittances and their utilization; asset accumulation and changing economic statuses of households; financial inclusion of migrants and migration strategies during times of crises like the Kerala floods of 2018; Highlights the twenty-year experience of the Kerala Migration Surveys, how its model has been adapted in various states and led to the proposed large-scale India Migration Survey; and Explores issues of migration politics and governance, as well as return migration strategies of other countries to provide a roadmap for India. The volume will be of interest to scholars and researchers of development studies, economics, demography, sociology and social anthropology, and migration and diaspora studies.

South Asia Migration Report 2020 documents key themes of exploitation and entrepreneurship of migrants from the region. This volume: Includes dedicated fieldwork from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal; Analyses the impact of South-Asia-migrant-established businesses; Examines legal and legislative recourse against exploitation in destination countries; Factors in how migration as a phenomenon negotiates with gender, environment and even healthcare. This book will be indispensable for scholars and researchers of economics, development studies, migration and diaspora studies, gender studies, labour studies and sociology. It will also be useful to policymakers, think tanks and government institutions working in the area.

1. Migration policy reforms in Inida : some reflections / S. Krishna Kumar -- 2. Diaspora and development : critical issues / Dilip Ratha and Sonia Plaza -- 3. Migration and gender empowerment : emergin issues / Jayati Ghosh -- 4. Mobility of women workers from South Asia to the Gulf : stakeholders' responses / Rakkee Thimothy -- 5. The global economic crisis and governance of human mobility / Bimal Ghosh -- 6. Kerala emigration to Saudi Arabia : prospects under the Nitaqat law / K.C. Zachariah, S. Irudaya Rajan and Jolin Joseph -- 7. Internal migration in India : are the underclass more mobile? / R.B. Bhagat -- 8. Politics of conflict and migration / S. Irudaya Rajan, Vijay Korra and Rikil Chyrmang -- 9. Capitalist development and the informalization of labour markets in India / Moushumi Basu -- 10. Inclusive growth and economic crises : labour migration and poverty in India / Arjan De Haan.

1. Deterritorialisation of Keralam : economy, society and polity / K.N. Harilal and C.S. Akhil -- 2. Resettlement of Indian transnational labour migrant families of Gulf : questions of income, neoliberal subjectivity and oikonomia / Shareena Banu C.P. -- 3. The need for systemic reform in migrant labour recruitment / Ray Jureidini -- 4. Institutional strengthening of the offices of labour attaches of India in Gulf : field experiences from the United Arab Emirates and Qatar / S. Irudaya Rajan and Arya Suresh -- 5. Contemporary Indian labour migration in the GCC region : emerging challenges and opportunities / George S. Naufal, Froilan T. Malit Jr. and Ismail H. Genc -- 6. Working and living conditions of migrant workers in the GCC / Abdoulaye Diop, Kien Trung Le and Michael C. Ewers -- 7. Are India's policies increasing the vulnerability of its female migrants in the Arab Gulf countries? / Radhika Kanchana -- 8. Coming to Qatar : a snapshot of the experience of Indian labour migrants / Arjun S. Bedi, S. Irudaya Rajan and Ganesh Seshan -- 9. Tamil emigrants in the United Arab Emirates / Chitra Ranganathan -- 10. Protection of labour migrants at destination countries : a note on the Indian community welfare fund / T.L.S. Bhaskar -- 11. A profile of second-generation Indian high school students in Kuwait / Nasra M. Shah -- 12. Gulf migration in a time of regulation : do migration controls and labour market restrictions in Saudi Arabia produce irregularity? / S. Irudaya Rajan and Jolin Joseph -- 13. The micropolitics of Indian recruitment agencies : India-Gulf migration from a local Indian perspective / Mary E. Breeding -- 14. Gulf migration beyond the economic lens : configuring the neoliberal self / Laavanya Kathiravelu -- 15. Evaluating population estimates for migrants in the United Arab Emirates : a demographic analysis of a migration-driven population / Katharine A. Allen -- 16. Emigration and remittances : results from the sixth Kerala migration survey / K.C. Zachariah and S. Irudaya Rajan -- 17. Contested urban landscapes : development-induced displacement, involuntary resettlement and state violence in Kochi, Kerala / K. Indu and S. Irudaya Rajan -- 18. Cross-border migration and conflicts in Assam / Rikil Chyrmang -- 19. Appraisal of MGNREGP on distress migration in Andhra Pradesh / Vijay Korra -- 20. Factors associated with long-distance labour migration : a study on Bengali construction workers in Kerala / Md. Selim Reja and Bhaswati Das.

Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Map -- 1 Caring India: An Introduction -- Abstract -- Demography of Ageing in India -- Marital Status of the Elderly -- Life Expectancy -- Living Arrangements -- State of Economic Independence -- Health Status of the Elderly -- Elder Care in India: Societal and State Responses -- State Policies -- Legal Provisions for Economic Support to the Elderly -- Public Policy on Elder Care: Family as the Diamond -- Family -- Non-governmental Organisations -- Market -- Scope of This Work -- Future Research -- Larger Studies Across States Using a Comparable Framework -- Social Networks -- Caregiver Burden/Perspective -- Institutional Care -- Market and NGO-Provided Home-Based Services -- Conditions of Formal Care Workers -- NSSO Surveys on Elderly Should Include Caregiving -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 After the Dividend: Caring for a Greying India -- Abstract -- After the Dividend: Caring for a Greying India -- Income and Consumption Across the Life Cycle -- Comparison Over the Life Course -- Comparison Across Countries -- Data -- Socio-demographic Profile of the Elderly Population in India -- Economic Security of Elderly in India -- Work and Income as a Source of Old Age Income Security -- Family and Remittances -- Public Transfer Scheme -- Caring for the Elderly in a Changing World -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix -- References -- 3 'Fragile Body and Failing Memory': The Construction of Care for the Elderly by the Laws and Policies in India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Emergence of the Discipline of Ageing and Impacts on Policy Discourse: A Historical Overview -- Critical Analysis of a Few Salient Policies -- The Right to Care and Creation of 'Subjects of Power and Agents of Resistance': Analysing the Maintenance Act of 2007