Suchergebnisse

Las prácticas fronterizas de la Unión Europea tienen que comprenderse en el contexto general de la construcción europea aplicada desde los años cincuenta según el principio European Peace by Open Borders. El artículo aborda sucesivamente los principales aspectos de las prácticas fronterizas de la Union Europea, es decir, la eliminación de los obstáculos físicos en las fronteras interiores, la cooperación transfronteriza, la ordenación y la gobernanza fronterizas. Algunas observaciones son dedicadas a las Eurorregiones y al Espacio de Schengen. La cuestión de las fronteras exteriores de la Unión Europea pone de relieve el dilema de fronterización-refronterización. Las fronteras de la Unión Europea necesitan una re-evaluacion y una re-escritura geográcas. ; The EU's border experiences have to be understood within the general context of the European construction at work since the 1950s according to the principle European Peace by Open Borders. The paper succesively scrutinizes the key aspects of the EU's border issues, i.e. erasing the physical obstacles at the inner borders, cross-border cooperation, border planning and governance. Some analyzes are devoted to the Euroregions and the Schengen Area. The problem of the EU's outer border highlights the debordering-rebordering dilemma. The EU's borders need a geographical reevaluation and rewriting. ; Les pratiques frontalières de l'Union Européenne doivent de comprende dans le contexte général de la construcción européene à l'oeuvre depuis les années 1950 selon le príncipe European Peace by Open Bordes. L'article aborde successivament les principaux aspects des practiques frontalières de l'Union Européenne: gommage des obstacles physiques frontalières coopération transfrontalière, aménagement et gouvernance transfrontaliers. Des analyses son consacrées aux Eurorégions et à l'Espace Schengen. Le probléme des frontières extérieures de l'Union Européenne mer en relief le dilemme défrontérisation-refrontérisation. Les frontières de l'Union Européenne on besoin d'une réévaluation et d'une réécriture gégraphiques ; 9-19 ; al.sanguin@orange.fr ; semestral

The literature of travellers represents a key foundation upon which geography was built as a social construct. It depicts the territorial reality on a personal level. The literature of travellers has been at the origin of popular geographical knowledge. In 1941 the great British novelist Rebecca West (1892-1983) published a chronicle of her travels through Yugoslavia from 1936 to 1938: Black Lamb and Grey Falcon. Her book is a good example and a relevant test of the literature of travellers as a source of political geography. Actually, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon is West's political response to the Balkans rather than an account of her journey through Yugoslavia. Through her writing, West has contributed to the shape of a different public opinion about Yugoslavia and its peoples which continues to live on. Moreover, her book strongly influenced the Anglo-Saxon policy makers on their comprehension of Yugoslavia. West significantly depicted Montenegro in its history, people, traditions and politics by means of pictures regarding Boka Kotorska, Budva, Cetinje, Kolasin, Mount Lovcen, Plav, and Skadar Lake. On the basis of the chapter devoted to Montenegro in West's book, the paper will focus on its features of political geography through an analysis of significant geosymbols. ; Putopisna literatura ključni je temelj na kojem je geografija nastala kao društvena pojava. Ona opisuje prostornu realnost iz perspektive pojedinca. Putopisna literatura je izvor popularnoga geografskog znanja. Godine 1941. poznata britanska spisateljica Rebecca West (1892.-1983.) objavila je kroniku svojih putovanja kroz Jugoslaviju u razdoblju od 1936. do 1938. pod naslovom Black Lamb and Grey Falcon. Njezina knjiga je odličan primjer putopisne literature kao izvora podataka u političkoj geografiji. U stvari, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon je politički odgovor Rebecce West na Balkan, a ne prikaz njezina putovanja kroz Jugoslaviju. Svojim zapažanjima West je pridonijela oblikovanju javnog mišljenja o Jugoslaviji i narodima koji u njoj žive, a koje je i danas prisutno. Nadalje, njezina knjiga imala je snažan utjecaj na razmišljanja anglosaksonskih političara o Jugoslaviji. West je izuzetno opisala Crnu Goru, njezinu povijest, ljude, tradiciju i politiku kroz opise Boke kotorske, Budve, Cetinja, Kolašina, Lovćena, Plava i Skadarskog jezera. Analizirajući odlomak iz knjige vezan uz Crnu Goru, ovaj rad se fokusira na obilježja političke geografije kroz analizu značajnih geosimbola.

Following upon the Third Conference on the Law of the Sea begun in 1973, the principal maritime States of the world assumed exclusive national jurisdiction over a 12- mile zone extending from their coastlines and a 188-mile economic zone beyond territorial waters. Together they constitute the more familiarly referred to « 200-mile zone ». This new practice radically changed the political geography of the oceans, lessened the area within which the freedom of the seas exists, diminished by more than a third the surface area of the high seas and dealt a heavy blow to the fishing xpeditions of foreign trawlers. Canada is one of the principal users and one of the most vigourous defenders of the 200-mile principle for geographical reasons as much as for economic or political ones. The excessive exploitation of the seabed has been felt to be a threat for a portion of the population of the Eastern part of Canada. A firm policy criticized for being somewhat unilateral has enabled Canada to eliminate foreign fleets from its 200-mile zone. Over a period of 30 years the International Commission for North-West Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF) attempted to introduce a positive international cooperation in order to eliminate the anarchic excessive exploitation. It was replaced in 1979 by the North-West Atlantic Fisheries Organization. A major dispute exists between France and Canada with respect to the delimitation of the economic zone of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, French land since 1604. More generally, the question is posed as to how long the 200-mile principle will prevail in this new political geography of the oceans.