Suchergebnisse

Este artigo analisa a financeirização das famílias portuguesas de uma perspetiva socioeconómica e territorial. Fá-lo apresentando e discutindo os resultados do inquérito FESSUD Finança e Bem-Estar em quatro partes. Primeiro, caracteriza a relação das famílias portuguesas com a finança. Segundo, examina os determinantes socioeconómicos e territoriais daquela relação. Terceiro, investiga o acesso desigual à finança. Quarto, avalia a experiência com as instituições financeiras. O artigo reitera a importância de levar a cabo abordagens que integrem elementos socioeconómicos e territoriais na análise e aponta caminhos para investigação futura acerca da relação das famílias com a finança em Portugal.

This paper initiates discussion on how relevant areas of provision can be definancialised to combat inequities and uncertainties generated by financialisation. It does so by examining the housing system of provision as this is a domain that has contributed to households' increasing involvement with financial markets, and finance's expansion into adjacent domains of economic and social life. As analysis of the impact of financialisation and financial crisis required examining the ways in which finance interacts with the entire chain of production that forms a given system of provision, which is commodity-specific and is shaped by multiple factors, the examination of the definancialisation of housing likewise demands investigating the structures, agents, relations and processes that form a given housing system of provision in its social, political, geographical and historical context. A first step in this direction is attempted in this paper, mobilising, without being comprehensive, what we have learned about the embroilments of finance with the UK and the Portuguese housing systems of provision, and ongoing policy discussions in these two countries. The UK and Portugal comparison reveals relevant as these countries have highly financialised housing systems that are distinct enough to allow for contextual differentiation.

This article aims at contributing to the literature on the financialisation of pensions in Europe by examining the transformations occurring in semi-peripheral Portugal. The Portuguese case accounts for the variegated nature of financialisation in general, and of pension provision in particular, throughout Europe. While the country followed similar processes to those of core European Union (EU) countries, leading to an increasingly integrated financial sector in the international arena, this integration was mainly led by the banking sector rather than by capital markets. This helps account for the relatively reduced role of private retirement income products in the country. Nonetheless, the Portuguese pension system has been equally subject to reform, aiming at reducing its weight in public expenditure. The result is a contraction in coverage and benefit without achieving an equivalent match in supplementary private forms of pension provision. Under a prolonged period of stagnation and crisis, the deterioration of State pensions for the majority continues while a residual private, outward-oriented and foreign-owned pension sector grows for the most affluent, further exposing the systemic and variegated nature of financialisation processes in the semi-periphery.

Abstract:This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of cooperation in productive ventures, conceived of as collective action endeavours that require cooperation rather than mere coordination. It is argued that cooperative behaviour is grounded on three kinds of 'common goods', defined as goods that are shared and recognized as beneficial by the workers. These comprise common goals, relational satisfaction, and moral norms and values. The commonly held goods are associated with motives and behavioural rules which constitute both the reasons for cooperating and the means through which the dilemmatic nature of cooperation is overcome. It is further argued that the binding character of these rules is closely linked to humans' ability and opportunity to communicate. Normative guidelines relative to management practices and directions for future research are also derived.

ABSTRACTThe World Development Report 2015: Mind Society and Behaviour (World Bank, 2015), seeks a redesign of development policy on the basis of insights emerging from behavioural economics. This article offers a critical assessment of the Report across four dimensions. First, it situates the Report within the broader and evolving knowledge role of the Bank. Second, it locates the Report in the context of the evolution of economics as a discipline and how this informs the shaping of the Bank's development economics. Third, the Report is critically assessed for its narrow take on behavioural economics itself. Finally, the practical significance of the promotion of behavioural economics is considered through reference to its use in interventions in health in general and in response to HIV/AIDS in particular. It is argued that the Report suggests a dramatic and flawed reduction of what development is about, in that it forgoes any analysis of the structural problems facing developing countries and fails to propose major reforms to tackle these.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aims to analyze the influence of entrepreneurial passion and creativity on entrepreneurial intent. It also examines the mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy between the personal/cognitive variable and entrepreneurial intention. Originality/value: By stressing the importance of cognitive and emotional variables that may influence entrepreneurial intentions among university students (such as creativity and entrepreneurial passion), this study shows the important role that universities have in the development of entrepreneurial intent. According to the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), the environment influences individual behavior and, therefore, universities should encourage an entrepreneurial environment, enabling the creation of new jobs and companies. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected through a survey with business and technology students from a Brazilian university. In total, 338 valid responses were obtained, which were analyzed through structural equation modeling. The data were collected in a cross-sectional manner and by a stratified and non-probability sampling method. To address the research hypothesis and to attain the objectives of the study, all constructs were adapted from relevant literature in the field of entrepreneurship. The structural model was examined in relation to the model fit, which enabled the hypothesis to be tested. Findings: Results showed both a direct and indirect positive relationship between entrepreneurial passion on entrepreneurial intention. Regarding the creativity factor, results indicated only an indirect effect of creativity on entrepreneurial intention, this relationship being mediated through entrepreneurial self-efficacy. No significant differences were found in the model regarding age, gender, graduation program, entrepreneurial family background, role models or family income.