Suchergebnisse

The main objectives in this research were to explore differences in kinds of stress in varying types of nursing sub-units in hospitals and to examine the relative importance of sub-unit characteristics such as the technology, size, environment, context, structure, and internal sub-unit processes in contributing to sub-unit stress. Five kinds of stress were identified: stress from traumatic emotional experiences, psychogeriatric work load, scheduling of work, physician-nurse relationships, and personality role stress; some of these were found to be associated with variations in the technology of the sub units, but did not appear likely to be modifiable through changes in structural design and organizational processes. Other types of stress were related to both the technology and the sub-unit environment and these appeared to be more amenable to modification through the type of structure and internal processes of the sub-unit.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of 71 Canadian manufacturing and mining industries. Profit is used to measure effectiveness while size, diversification, competition, capital intensity, foreign control, age and structure are the independent variables. The results show that foreign control, age and diversification have significant relationships to profit. Size, capital intensity, structure and competition showed no significant effect on the measures of profit.RésuméCette étude porte sur les résultats, représentés par les profits, de 71 industries minières et manufacturières au Canada. La taille, la diversification, la concurrence, l'intensité de l'emploi du capital, le contrôl étranger, l'âge et la structure de l'industrie sont les variables indépendantes. On découvre que le contrôle étranger, l'âge et la diversification sont reliés aux profits de façon statistiquement significative. Il n'en va pas ainsi pour la taille, l'utilisation du capital et la concurrence.

The purpose of this paper is to examine variation in managers, professionals, and clericals as constituent groups of the administrative component. The independent variables are size, complexity, capital intensity, foreign control, competition, and age of industry. Two sets of hypotheses were developed — the first set to predict variation in numbers within each group, and the second set to predict variation in the relative mix of the three groups. The variation in the numbers of all administrators could be attributed to variables that increase the need for a "technostructure''. However, variables that would contribute to uncertainty and instability resulted in a relatively greater proportion of managers and professionals, but fewer clerks.RésuméCet article traite des cadres, des spécialistes et des employés de bureau, les trois sous‐groupes qui composent l'Administration. Les variables indépendantes sont la taille, la complexité, l'intensité de l'emploi du capital, le contrôle étranger, la concurrence et l'âge de l'industire. On a développé deux séries d'hypothèses. La première prédit les fluctuations du nombre de membres de chacun des sous‐groupes, et la seconde l'importance relative de ces derniers. Les fluctuations du nombre global de membres de l'Administration sont expliquées par les variables qui représentent la demande pour la technostructure. Par ailleurs, les variables liées à l'incertitude et à l'instabilité entraînent un accroissement du nombre des cadres et des professionnels, par rapport à celui des employés de bureau.

In discussion of the social structure of modern capitalist societies the distinction between the "old" and "new" middle class is common. The old middle class is epitomized by the small businessman and the new middle class by the bureaucratic manager and employee. It has been postulated that the political sentiments and attitudes are different among these two subsets of the middle class. Specifically, it is hypothesized that the old middle class in a mature industrial and capitalistic system is especially vulnerable to right-wing extremism. It is the purpose of this paper to report research testing the above general hypothesis by using three factors of explanation.

IN THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF MODERN CAPITALIST SOCIETIES, DIFFERENTIATION IS MADE BETWEEN THE 'OLD' MC (BUSINESSMEN) & THE 'NEW' MC (BUREAUCRATS). IT IS HYPOTHESIZED THAT THE OLD MC IN A MATURE, INDUSTRIALIZED, CAPITALIST SYSTEM IS HIGHLY VULNERABLE TO RIGHT-WING EXTREMISM. THIS HYPOTHESIS IS TESTED USING 3 FACTORS OF EXPLANATION UPON WHICH TESTABLE HYPOTHESES WERE GROUNDED: (1) MASS-SOCIETY THEORY CLAIMS A RIGHT-WING MC RESPONSE TO A LACK OF INVOLVEMENT IN THE POWER STRUCTURE & DECISION-MAKING OF MODERN CAPITALISM, (2) ECONOMIC THEORY CLAIMS THAT THE ROOTS OF EXTREMISM LIE IN THE ECONOMIC RISK INHERENT IN CAPITAL INVESTMENT, & (3) RURALISM THEORY SEES THE ROOTS OF EXTREMISM IN THE VALUES OF THE PREINDUSTRIAL AGRARIAN EXPERIENCE. A TOTAL OF 388 (N=299 UR, 45 RU) QUALIFIED PHARMACISTS WERE R'S IN INTERVIEWS CONDUCTED IN THE SUMMERS OF 1969 & 1970 IN THE RU & UR AREAS OF EDMONTON. DIFFERENCES DO OCCUR IN THE HYPOTHESIZED DIRECTIONS, BUT NOT OF A MAGNITUDE SUBSTANTIAL ENOUGH TO BE STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT. 6 TABLES, APPENDIX. T. BABITSKY.

Dans l'explication globale des décisions de l'homme d'affaires, on néglige la variable pourtant significative de ses attitudes politiques. Certainssocial scientistsont avancé que la société industrielle complexe de type capitaliste engendre chez les dirigeants de la petite entreprise toute une série de frustrations, d'aliénations, et d'insécurités, propres à les rendre perméables à l'extrémisme de droite. Cette théorie n'a pas été tellement validée par des études empiriques.L'hypothèse de base de la présente étude admettait que les petits entrepreneurs indépendants soient davantage disposés à embrasser l'idéologie de l'extrême droite que les gérants de succursales de vastes entreprises bureaucratiques. Les auteurs ont mené une enquête sur les attitudes propres aux deux types d'hommes d'affaires dans la ville de Wetaskiwin, en Alberta. Les réponses fournies furent groupées en échelles d'attitudes se rapportant au conservatisme, à l'intolérance, à l'autoritarisme et l'aliénation politiques. Une analyse sélective des données recueillies donna par la suite une confirmation statistique à l'hypothèse de départ.

To many Canadians anti-Americanism is not only as old as Canada itself, but it also seems to have been and still is an integral part of the entire Canadian experience. To the historian Baker, anti-Americanism is a recurring theme in Canadian history and exists today as it did a century ago. However, anti-Americanism, to the best knowledge of the authors, has not been investigated through systematic behavioural empirical research. The development of a scale to measure anti-American attitudes is a necessary step in the empirical investigation of Canadian anti-Americanism. The purpose of this research note is to present some data that contribute to the empirical development of a measure of Canadian attitudes towards Americans which may be used as an anti-American scale.

Description of a scale designed to measure Canadian anti-American attitudes. A basic assumption of the scale was that anti-Americanism may develop from a number of sources, & that positive & negative attitudes often coexist. The questionnaire contained five categories (people, United States government policy, United States society, influence of United States business in Canada, & Canadian government policies). Two questionnaires containing 96 statements each were given to two samples of 101 college students each; the statements in the second questionnaire were reversed in relation to the first. The attitudinal pattern which emerged showed that Canadians stereotype Americans as corrupt, conceited, inconsiderate, & disrespectful of authority. United States society is rejected; the universities style of interpersonal relations is judged as 'bad.' A strong desire was expressed to restrict 'corrupting' United States influence in Canadian society. 4 Tables. S. Karganovic.