Suchergebnisse

L'importanza del settore manifatturiero meridionale poggia sull'attrattività internazionale dei suoi prodotti di eccellenza. Le filiere agroalimentare, abbigliamento-moda, automobilistica, aeronautica (le cosiddette 4A) e farmaceutica, in particolare, esprimono oltre il 40% del valore aggiunto manifatturiero dell'intera area, assumendo dunque grande rilievo per il peso sull'economia interna, per il contributo al sistema economico nazionale e internazionale, per l'elevato effetto indotto. L'analisi mostra inoltre che si tratta di settori particolarmente internazionalizzati e aperti anche a mercati al di fuori dell'Unione Europea. Il contributo si propone di indagare, pertanto, i punti di forza, quelli di debolezza e le potenzialità di queste filiere, che, pur non racchiudendo l'intero valore produttivo dell'area, rappresentano i settori maggiormente orientati ai mercati esteri e all'innovazione. Obiettivo finale è comprendere quali siano le prospettive per una migliore integrazione nelle catene del valore globali, condizione oramai indiscussa per acquisire maggiore competitività sui mercati internazionali. ; The importance of the southern manufacturing sector relies on the international attractiveness of its products of excellence. The aeronautic, agri-food, clothing-fashion, automotive and pharmaceutical sectors, in particular, express over 40% of the manufacturing value added in the area and assume therefore great importance both for the economic weight on the internal economy, and for the contribution to the national and international economic system, and for the high induced impact. The analysis also shows that these are internationalized sectors, also open to other markets outside the European Union. This contribution aims to investigate strengths, weaknesses and potentials of these chains, which, although not including the entire production value of the area, represent the sectors most oriented to foreign markets and innovation. The objective is to understand the perspectives for a better integration in global value chains that is a fundamental condition for gaining greater competitiveness on international markets.

New geographical trends in the global pharmaceutical industryThe article aims to outline the main trends in global pharmaceutical industry, currently affected by relevant changes, especially related to patent expirations and to the decline of R&D productivity. In the current scenario, US and Europe still have a strong leadership, both from the market and from the innovative capacity point of view. The new dynamics of the industry reveal, however, a new geography in the production, investment and consumption of drugs. Population growth and better economic conditions create a strong demand for healthcare in emerging economies, while in developed countries the demand remains weaker, reflecting cost containment policies. Shift in demand leads to a global redistribution of production capacity and an increase in competition among the advanced economies to consolidate and attract investments. New prospects are now opening for Big Pharma, which will have to face the competition of companies from China, India, Korea, Brazil. Innovation will be essential to compete. In this sense, locating R&D centers in the new global hotspots of innovation will certainly be a key factor for success.Les nouvelles trajectoires géographiques de l'industrie pharmaceutiquemondialeL'article analyse les dynamiques principales de l'industrie pharmaceutique mondiale, actuellement impliquée dans une série de changements importants, en particulier liées aux échéances de brevets et à la baisse de la productivité du secteur R&D. Dans le scénario actuel, les Etats-Unis et l'Europe exercent encore un leadership fort, tant du point de vue de la capacité d'innovation que du marché. L'étude des nouvelles dynamiques de l'industrie, cependant, révèle une nouvelle géographie de la production, des investissements et de la consommation de drogues. La croissance démographique et l'amélioration des conditions économiques font croître la demande de santé dans les économies émergentes, tandis que dans les pays développés cette demande est plus lente, reflétant les politiques de maîtrise des coûts. Le déplacement de la demande conduit à une redistribution globale des capacités de production et une augmentation de la concurrence entre les économies avancées pour consolider et attirer les investissements.De nouvelles perspectives s'ouvrent pour les Big Pharma, qui devraient se préparer à faire face à la concurrence des entreprises de la Chine, l'Inde, la Corée, le Brésil. Le match le plus important sera joué principalement sur le front de l'innovation. En ce sens, localiser leurs centres de R&D dans le nouveaux hotspots mondiales de l'innovation sera certainement un facteur clé.