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AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between demographic changes and maritime prosperity in eight prefectures on China's coast during the Sung and Yuan dynasties, with Ch'üan-chou as the focus of discussion. Three sets of rank-order data on demographic patterns and degrees of maritime prosperity in these prefectures were generated and subjected to a unique statistical technique, dual scaling. The results contradict the widely held view that there was a positive correlation between demographic changes and maritime prosperity in early modern China in general and in the Sung-Yuan Ch'üan-chou in particular. Cet article porte sur le rapport entre l'évolution démographique et la prospérite maritime des huit préfectures côtières chinoises sous les dynasties de Song et de Yuan, avec Ch'üan-chou comme le centre de notre analyse. Les trois ensembles de données classifiées sur la répartition démographique et sur le niveau de prospérite maritime des dites préfectures ont été constitués et puis soumis à l'unique technique statistique utilisée - dual scaling. Les résultats contredisent le point de vue répandu qui voit une corrélation positive entre les changements démographiques et la prospérite maritime au début de l'ére moderne chinoise en général, et à Ch'üan-chou sous les dynasties Song et Yuan en particulier.

This manuscript sets out a process for estimating fatalities in collapsed buildings due to ground shaking in an earthquake. The aim of this research is to supplement current earthquake loss estimation with fatality rates (percentage of occupants killed) for use in models which are based on recent empirical information on deaths from earthquakes. This document specifically explores the lethality potential to occupants of collapsed structures. Whilst earthquake casualty modeling has admittedly suffered from a lack of post-earthquake collection of data and rigour in assessing these data, recent earthquakes such as 2008 Wenchuan (China) and 2011 Christchurch (New Zealand) have brought to light some important findings. Under the auspices of US Geological Survey's PAGER, empirical fatality data related to collapses of buildings from significant earthquakes in the past 40 years have been thoroughly examined. Through detailed investigations of fatal building collapses and the volume reductions within these buildings, important clues related to the lethality potential of different failure mechanisms of global modern and older construction types were found. The gathered evidence forms the basis of the derivation of a set of fatality rates for use in loss models. The set of judgment-based rates are for 31 global building types. This significant advancement in casualty modeling, the resolutions and quality of available data, the important assumptions made, and the final derivation of fatality rates are discussed here. This document contributes to global efforts to develop a way of estimating probable earthquake fatalities very rapidly after an earthquake has taken place. The fatality rates proposed here can be incorporated directly into earthquake loss estimation models where fatalities are derived from collapses of different types of buildings

Economic Citizens argues that Asians have been traditionally imagined as the threat of capitalism gone awry and demonstrates that the logic of economic exchange has been an overlooked but critical means for Asian Americans to negotiate political and cultural equivalence

Conflictual cabinet terminations are seismic events in democracies, but their consequences are understudied. I argue that the electoral impacts of conflictual cabinet terminations depend on voters' perceptions of them. Terminations following non-policy conflicts are electorally costly. They signal parties' deteriorating governing competence, which reduces parties' vote shares. In contrast, terminations following policy conflicts signal parties' unwillingness to compromise their policy positions and clarify parties' policy profiles, thus allowing them to evade voter punishment and junior coalition parties to reap electoral reward, particularly for those terminations preceded by interparty policy conflicts. Statistical analyses using the Party Government in Europe Database dataset support my argument on policy terminations and reveal more nuanced electoral effects of non-policy conflict terminations. These findings are robust to various alternative explanations, as well as multiple cabinet terminations and time passed from termination to election. The findings have large implications on electoral accountability of intra-cabinet conflicts and the quality of governance.

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