NAJNOWSZE TRENDY W POLITYCE SUROWCOWEJ UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ Z PERSPEKTYWY EUROGEOSURVEYS JAKO DOSTAWCY DANYCHAbstrakt. Naturalne surowce mineralne mają strategiczne znaczenie dla europejskiego wzrostu gospodarczego i rozwoju społecznego. Komisja Europejska podjęła takie wyzwanie poprzez Inicjatywę dla Surowców (RMI), platformę zainteresowanych stron, Europejską Platformę Innowacji w Zakresie Surowców Naturalnych (EIP-RM) i fundusz Horyzont 2020. Celem jest zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa i zrównoważonych dostaw surowców z krajowych i innych źródeł Unii Europejskiej oraz zarządzanie konkurencyjnym wykorzystaniem powierzchni ziemi i stref wgłębnych Europy. Zrównoważone dostawy surowców ze źródeł europejskich wymagają udoskonalonej bazy wiedzy o surowcach UE, tzw. Bazy Wiedzy o Surowcach w Unii Europejskiej (EURMKB), w której EuroGeoSurveys, służby geologiczne Europy, są jednym z kluczowych dostawców danych. Obecna polityka Komisji Europejskiej ma te same cele, które zostaną w pełni wdrażane w najbliższej przyszłości. Pakiet Mobilności i jego działania wdrożeniowe (takie jak European Battery Alliance) i narzędzia (w tym Horizon Europe) wzmocnią pozycję surowców naturalnych w ogólnym kontekście polityki UE.
ABSTRACT: Europe shows an inevitably growing and accelerating consumption of mineral commodities and the high import dependence of strategic and critical raw materials has a serious impact on the sustainability of the EU manufacturing industry. The European Commission has long recognized the challenge of sustainable supply of mineral raw materials and steps are implemented to try to deal with this. In this context, EuroGeoSurveys and its Mineral Resources Expert Group (MREG) serve as one of the contact points for the Commission. The MREG is a group of earth scientists, experts in Economic Geology that act under the umbrella body of EuroGeoSurveys. The group acts upon requests and queries received by member states and the European Commission and provides the best available mineral expertise and information based on the knowledge of member Geological Surveys, for policy, communication, public awareness and education purposes at European level. ; RESUMO: A Europa mostra um inevitável e acelerado aumento de consumo de recursos minerais. A alta dependência das importações de matérias-primas estratégicas e críticas tem um forte impacto na sustentabilidade da indústria transformadora da UE. A produção de muitas matérias primas depende apenas de alguns países. O desafio do abastecimento sustentável tem sido reconhecido pela Comissão Europeia e foram implementadas etapas no sentido de tal ser assegurado. Neste contexto, o EuroGeoSurveys e o seu Grupo de Peritos em Recursos Minerais (MREG) servem como um dos pontos de contacto para a Comissão. O MREG dos EuroGeoSurveys é um grupo de Geocientistas, especialistas em Geologia Económica que trabalham sobre a tutela dos EuroGeoSurveys. O grupo atua com base em solicitações e consultas recebidas pelos Estados membros e pela Comissão Europeia e fornece os melhores conhecimentos e informações disponíveis com base no conhecimento geológico dos recursos minerais, nas esferas da política, e de comunicação, conscientização pública e educação a nível europeu. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
ERECON (2014) Strengthening the European rare earths supply chain: Challengesand policy options. Kooroshy, J., G. Tiess, A. Tukker, and A. Walton (eds.). ; Policy recommendations:1.Maintaining and strengthening the European Rare Earth Elements (REE) skills and knowledge base through research funding, science and technology education and international cooperation.Without cutting-edge research and technical expertise, a European high-tech REE industry cannot flourish. The EC and Member States should support funding for research grants, scholarships, and training networks, and enhance European and international cooperation through coordinated calls, researcher exchanges, and joint high-level conferences.2.Creating the basis for informed decision-making on REEs through a European Critical Materials Observatory.Mapping and monitoring of REE supply chains is necessary for informed decision-making. Expertise in Europe could be pooled in a virtual Critical Materials Observatory that provides the public with consistent and authoritative knowledge on REEs (e.g., information on advanced exploration projects, prices, key demand and supply trends, and the urban mine potential).3.Support promising technologies through funding industry-led pilot plants for innovative HREE processing.The EC, industry and Member States should accelerate the commercialization and scaling up of key technologies through co-financing industry-led pilot plants. This should include pilots for REE recovery from heavy rare earths-rich minerals, direct-alloy recycling routes, process and sensor equipment for REE recycling, and REE recovery from industrial residues.4.Levelling the playing field for European HREE exploration through co-funding for prefeasibility and bankable feasibility studies.Support from federal and state governments in the U.S., Australia and Canada has played a critical role in advancing project exploration. The EC and Member States should evaluate possibilities for supporting the extensive R&D necessary for pre-feasibility and bankable feasibility studies, to avoid high quality deposits in Europe simply going unexplored.5.Making waste management REE-friendly through eco-design, incentive schemes for collecting priority waste products, and streamlining policy and waste regulation.The EC and Member States should promote recycling-friendly design to help identify and recover REE components in waste more easily. Potential incentives for stimulating REE waste collection should be evaluated and the shipment of REE wastes should be facilitated. More consistency should also be created in implementing and applying existing waste regulations.6.Boost supply security and de-risk strategic REE investment cases through enhanced cooperation among European end-users and other stakeholders.Leading end-users should engage in strategic cooperation across industry and with governments. This could include setting up a voluntary European 'critical raw materials fund', establishing a 'European Resource Alliance' similar to the German Rohstoffallianz, and convening a high-level taskforce to examine ways in which public funding could support resilient REE supply chains for Europe.