Suchergebnisse

Profitability indicators describe the result of the management process more comprehensively than profit, characterize the effectiveness and efficiency of management, because their value shows the ratio of the effect with cash or input resources. They are used to evaluate the performance of the enterprise, as well as an instrument of investment policy and pricing. Most often, in practice, agricultural enterprises calculate indicators that characterize the profitability of production costs, investment projects and profitability of sales. It is very important to calculate the profitability levels of each type of sold products and give them an estimate, which allows identifying the most profitable ones. Methodological approaches are proposed in order to determine the four levels of profitability of the sold products, which are clearly presented in tables and graphs. It is important to grade the levels of profitability for each type of sold product, and therefore, it is becoming possible to assess their degree of effectiveness or level of profitability. The purpose of the article is to provide teachers from higher educational institutions, as well as agricultural specialists with modern tools for assessing the effectiveness of sold products, in particular through application of an unconventional method. The presented study allows specialists of agricultural enterprises to determine on the basis of two coefficients (return on fixed and specific variable costs) the moderate, rational, optimal and high profitability of sold grain, sunflower, grapes and other products and based on them to justify the amount of expected profit.

The paper aims to present the trade relations with agri-food products between the Republic of Moldova and Romania during the period 2000 - 2018. Being neighbouring countries, connected not only through the existing border, but also through common historical aspect, the trade with agri-food products is of particular importance for both of countries. Analysis of the trade is carried out by product types, presented in 3 periods: 2000 - 2006, 2007 - 2014 when Romania became an EU member state and 2015 - 2018, after entering into force of DCFTA. Research methods are based on statistical analysis, using the data provided by the National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova and UN Comtrade database and Ministry of Economy and Infrastructure of the Republic of Moldova. Overall, there is a growing trend in export and import increase between the countries, while Romania continues to be the top-partner for Moldovanexport of agri-food products. The paper suggests further proposals for cooperation between the countries, with a focus on increasing export values by the both sides.

The major objective of the article is to provide an overview of the Moldovan High Value Agriculture (HVA) sector that can be useful to investors, producers, traders, donors and government officials alike, enabling concrete actions to be taken toward significantly increasing HVA exports. The article examines how the farm restructuring and land reform processes in Moldova have affected productivity and incomes in horticulture. To capture a comprehensive picture of the impacts of farm restructuring this study integrates analysis into the different quantitative and qualitative surveys during last ten years. The quantitative surveys cover the present situation mostly through questions that can be answered simply through multiple choices of yes/no responses or in a numerical form. The article integrates also the major findings from the Agricultural Census 2011. The qualitative surveys complement the quantitative research by focusing on the process of change involved in restructuring, the reasons for these changes and peoples' attitudes toward the changes. The major conclusion of this paper is that the HVA sector, which used to make a significant contribution to Moldova's economy has undergone a profound collapse which resulted from major structural changes, including the fragmentation of land, depopulation of rural areas ,collapse of most irrigation schemes, and the rapid change in the demand of its traditional destination markets. Faced with this situation it would be unrealistic to expect a rapid recovery of the sector, even though a number of existing private sector initiative demonstrate the potential for profitable investment in a wide range of fresh and partly processed products.

This paper presents the outcome of the study conducted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in collaboration with the National Institute for Economic Research in the Republic of Moldova. The paper assesses the level and structure of government support to agriculture in Moldova by using a combination of formal quantitative, informal quantitative and qualitative analysis. Application of the PSE methodology by OECD provides a standardized quantitative method of measurement of support to agricultural sector. The methodology is based on comparing output producers' prices (farm gate prices) with prices expected without policy interventions, e.g. market equilibrium or reference prices. Reference price must be selected in a way that best represents the opportunity costs of producing the commodity domestically. The effect of the public policy is measured by the difference between market and reference prices. If the difference between market and reference output prices is positive, policy causes benefits to producers, and if negative - policy leads to implicit taxation of the farmers. The paper suggests strategies and policy actions in order to increase efficiency of public support to agriculture with the focus on export growth.

CARIM-East: Creating an Observatory of Migration East of Europe ; Version in other language: Migration Policy Centre ; CARIM-East Research Report ; 2013/38 ; Policy in the field of migrants' integration is a relatively new task for practically all CARIM-East countries. Integration has an impact upon demography, including the composition and structure of the country's population, namely gender ratio, mortality, marriage structure, birth rate, ageing etc. While integrating into society migrants become a part of the same, which affects the demographic security of the recipient country. As was noted above, integration is a twofold process, i.e. it is linked both to the adaptation of migrants and the adaptation of the recipient society [16]. If one takes Russia as an example of a recipient country, then, in the first half of the 1990s, its actions were primarily directed towards assistance to refugees and forced migrants from the former USSR republics, most of whom were ethnic Russians in need of economic, social and household integration: assistance in getting housing, jobs, and legal status. In the late 1990s and the early 2000s the situation changed: forced migration gradually gave way to large-scale labor migration from practically all CIS countries and this, of course, required a drastic change in policy. The absence of migrants' integration policy increases their social exclusion and segregation. This absence make them vulnerable to different forms of rights violations, labor and other types of exploitation, even extreme forms of violence, such as forced labor and human trafficking: all of these, it should be noted, are to be found in CARIM-East countries. ; CARIM-East is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union.

CARIM-East: Creating an Observatory of Migration East of Europe ; Migration is a longstanding phenomenon. However, the impact of remittances on the countries of origins, makes migration a topic of special interest for many researchers. In the Republic of Moldova remittances have become a much discussed and much analyzed subject, Moldova ranking among the economies with the highest share of remittances in terms of GDP. What is more, remittances, unlike FDI, external trade and other sources of income, seem to have a significant impact on economic growth. Within the present work an attempt has been made to capture the positive and negative spillovers that migrants' remittances have on a country's socio-economic development. The study summarises previous findings and data sources related to remittances and their influence on the economy. Moreover, authors investigate the link between remittances and economic growth, investments, inflation, employment, human capital and poverty. The study combines the theoretical background with an analysis of the real trends and fluctuations in the Moldovan economy. ; Миграция существует уже в течение очень длительного периода времени, однако ее масштабы и влияние, которые она оказывает на страну происхождения мигрантов посредством переводимых ими денег (термин, известный в англ. литературе как remittances), представляет особый интерес для многих исследователей. В Республике Молдова денежные переводы стали предметом оживленного обсуждения и анализа, принимая во внимание, что страна входит в группу стран с самой высокой долей денежных переводов в ВВП. Более того, этот внешний финансовый поток, в отличие от прямых иностранных инвестиций, внешней торговли и др., оказывает значительное влияние на экономический рост. В рамках данной работы были сделаны попытки представить положительное и отрицательное воздействие денежных переводов на социально-экономическое развитие страны. Исследование анализирует и обобщает выводы предыдущих разработок, опираясь на источники данных, связанные с денежными переводами и их влиянием на экономику. Кроме того, авторы изучают связь между денежными переводами и экономическим ростом, инвестициями, инфляцией, занятостью, человеческим капиталом и бедностью. Исследование сочетает в себе теоретические основы и анализ реальных тенденций и колебаний в экономике Молдовы. ; CARIM-East is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union.

CARIM-East: Creating an Observatory of Migration East of Europe ; Version in other language: Migration Policy Centre ; CARIM-East Research Report ; 2013/39 ; Политика в области интеграции мигрантов – сравнительно новая область деятельности практически для всех стран, входящих в КАРИМ-Восток. Интеграционные процессы оказывают влияние на демографические процессы, в том числе на национальный состав и структуру населения, в том числе возрастную структуру населения, процессы смертности, на брачную структуру, процессы рождаемости, процессы старения населения. Мигранты, интегрируясь в общество, становятся его частью, что оказывает влияние на демографическую безопасность страны-реципиента. Как уже отмечалось ранее, процесс интеграции является двойственным, то есть связан как с адаптацией самих мигрантов, так и с адаптацией принимающего общества. Если рассматривать процесс интеграции на примере России, как основной страны реципиента, то в первой половине 1990-х годов ее действия были направлены, в основном, на обустройство беженцев и вынужденных переселенцев из бывших республик СССР, большинство которых были этнические русские, которые нуждались в экономической и социально-бытовой интеграции (помощи в получении жилья, работы, правового статуса). В конце 1990-х – начале 2000-х годов ситуация в данной области изменилась: вынужденная миграция постепенно сменилась масштабной трудовой миграцией практически из всех стран СНГ, что естественно, потребовало коренного изменения политик в данной области. Отсутствие политики по интеграции мигрантов приводит к усилению их социальной исключенности и сегрегации, делает их уязвимыми перед различными формами нарушений прав, трудовой и иной эксплуатации, вплоть до крайних форм насилия в виде рабства, принудительного труда и торговли людьми, проявление которых имеют место в странах КАРИМ-Восток. ; CARIM-East is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union.