Suchergebnisse

China is moving towards a 'Russian' view of hybrid and proxy warfare - particularly in cyberspace. Russia's annexation of Crimea and the crisis in Ukraine have affected Chinese views of territorial sovereignty and peripheral stability. Chinese analysts are applying lessons learned from Ukraine to their own regional and international environment. An examination of 434 Chinese-language documents on the Ukraine crisis provides insights into how Chinese academics, economists, engineers, officials and military personnel view Russian tactics and strategy, as well as Western intentions, and suggests that China is moving towards a more holistic and 'Russian' view of hybrid and proxy warfare - particularly in cyberspace. (Survival / SWP)

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) provide an important resource to good governance involving complex issues of environmental security. We explore that role by looking at recent campaigns concerned with security at the coal–water nexus in India and China, undertaken by regional arms of Greenpeace, an important international NGO. We find that, at the national level, the impact of NGOs on environmental governance depends deeply on an organization's relation to government. In China, Greenpeace East Asia serves the government's interest by providing an external source of information on activities and perceptions at the provincial level. An NGO such as Greenpeace East Asia is perceived as valuable and is tolerated as long as it acts in accordance with the unwritten rules of engagement with the government, as practiced by domestic NGOs. Greenpeace India, by comparison, is one among many NGOs, tolerated as a matter of democratic principle, but suspect because of its international connections. Greenpeace India has yet to have a meaningful impact on governance at the coal–water nexus. Greenpeace East Asia, on the other hand, appears to have found a role that can impact environmental governance, but is dependent upon operating within bounds that are set by the Chinese model of government.