Suchergebnisse

Latin American Political Psychology (PPL) is a field of knowledge composed of multiple theoretical and methodological references. However, some theories were not included in its repertoire, such as Group Operational Conception of Pichon-Rivière (GOCP). The aim of this article is to discuss possible contributions of GOCP to PPL. As a method we carried out a theoretical study on the work of Pichon-Rivière and PPL. As results, 1) we found aspects that distanced PPL from GOCP, such as biased interpretations, or its non-mention; 2) we conducted theoretical and political approaches between GOCP and a key author of PPL, Martín-Baró; and 3) we translated the group operation of Pichon-Rivière to the PPL, elaborating a psycho-political cartography of the different social positions. We conclude that the repertoire elaborated by GOCP can contribute to the PPL in the constitution of a field of analysis of collectives and social movements. ; La Psicología Política Latinoamericana (PPL) es un campo de saberes heterogéneo, formado por múltiples referenciales teóricos y metodológicos. Sin embargo, algunas teorías no fueron incluidas en su repertorio, tal como la Concepción Operativa de Grupo de Pichon-Rivière (COGP). El objetivo de este artículo es discutir posibles contribuciones de la COGP a la PPL. Como método realizamos un estudio teórico sobre la obra de Pichon-Rivière y la PPL. Como resultados, 1) encontramos características que alejaron la PPL de la COGP, como interpretaciones sesgadas, o su omisión; 2) realizamos aproximaciones teóricas y políticas entre la COGP y un autor fundamental de la PPL, Martín-Baró; y 3) traducimos el funcionamiento del grupo de Pichon-Rivière a la PPL, proponiendo una cartografía psicopolítica de los distintos posicionamientos sociales. Concluimos que el repertorio elaborado por la COGP puede contribuir a la PPL en la constitución de un campo de análisis de colectivos y movimientos sociales.

En este estudio se analiza el papel de las emociones en la protesta política. En los modelos actuales, la ira es la única emoción que se asocia a esas acciones.Sin embargo, los autores creen que no es la única emoción que moviliza a la ciudadanía, por ello afirman que junto a ella deben existir otras de valencia positiva. En este estudio participaron 316 estudiantes universitarios a los que se les preguntó por su intención de movilizarse en contra de los recortes en educación. Los resultados muestran que la ira correlaciona de manera significativa con las emociones positivas. Además el análisis de mediación muestra la relevancia de las emociones positivas para explicar las intenciones de protesta y que la influencia de la ira sobre la intención de participar se realiza fundamentalmente a través de las emociones positivas. Se discute el papel de las emociones y la necesidad de ampliar los motivos de participación. ; This study analyses the role played by emotions in protest. In the current explanatory models, anger is the sole emotion associated with these actions. But is anger the only motive capable of mobilising citizens to defend a cause? We believe not. Hence, we postulate that anger, along with other emotions of positive valence, must act jointly to facilitate protest. To test this hypothesis, a questionnaire was applied to 316 university students in a setting of cut-backs in education. The results highlight several interesting aspects. Firstly, anger correlated significantly and positively with the positive emotions. Secondly, the mediation analysis performed showed: a) the relevance of positive emotions for explaining the intention to participate; and b) the influence of anger on the intention to participate is fundamentally through positive emotions. We will also discuss the role of emotions and the need to extend the motives involved in political actions.

Abstract. Currently, political violence is a central issue in the world-wide social agenda. This paper describes the psychosocial logic that legitimizes that violence, analyzed as a challenge for social and political psychology, implying that we have to work toward the construction of a culture of peace. Additionally, diverse concepts about peace are discussed. Finally, the transcendental role played by mass media in this dynamic and particularly the framing theory, are analyzed. Moreover, this paper considers how mass media and news are determinant factors in the beliefs, relational frames, and construction of feelings and are, thus, a barrier to coping and peacefully solving the conflicts that end in political violence.

Recently, many mobilisations have emerged all around the world and their impact on social change has been noteworthy. In this paper we shall review the evolution of the latest models of collective action in order to better understand current challenges in the field of political protest. Scholars have suggested that identity, grievances, efficacy, and anger are the relevant motives for prompting action. Nonetheless, there is still some room for improvement. In addition to previous variables, there is enough argumentation to include others which have been overlooked by the hegemony of instrumental logic; we are talking about moral obligation and positive emotions. There is a deontological logic in collective protest that can explain why individuals do not simply participate to obtain some kind of benefit; they may also feel morally obligated to do so. Moreover, positive emotions, such as hope, pride or optimism, can reinforce motivation. Another important aspect is the role of context. The specific characteristics of the political and the mobilising context may differently activate some motives or others. All these new contributions question the hegemony of the instrumental logic and demand an update of the theoretical approaches. The authors discuss the implications for theory and future research on collective action. ; Recientemente han surgido muchas movilizaciones por todo el mundo y su impacto a la hora de producir el cambio social es de destacar. En este artículo haremos una revisión de cómo han evolucionado los últimos modelos de acción colectiva para poder entender mejor los retos contemporáneos en el campo de la protesta política. Los motivos más relevantes señalados por la literatura científica para la promoción de la acción son: la identidad, la injusticia, la eficacia y la ira. Sin embargo, todavía quedan aspectos por mejorar. Además de las variables mencionadas, hay argumentos suficientes para incluir otros factores que han sido pasados por alto en la hegemonía de la lógica instrumental; hablamos de la obligación moral y de las emociones positivas. Hay una lógica deontológica en la protesta colectiva que puede explicar porqué los individuos no participan simplemente para obtener algún tipo de beneficio, sino que también pueden sentirse moralmente obligados a hacerlo. Más aún, las emociones positivas tales como la esperanza, el orgullo y el optimismo pueden reforzar la motivación. Otro aspecto importante es el papel del contexto. Las características específicas del contexto político y de movilización pueden activar diferencialmente algunos motivos u otros. Todas estas nuevas contribuciones cuestionan la hegemonía de la lógica instrumental y demandan una actualización de las aproximaciones teóricas. Los autores discuten las implicaciones para la teoría y la investigación futura sobre la acción colectiva.

Recientemente han surgido muchas movilizaciones por todo el mundo y su impacto a la hora de producir el cambio social es de destacar. En este artículo haremos una revisión de cómo han evolucionado los últimos modelos de acción colectiva para poder entender mejor los retos contemporáneos en el campo de la protesta política. Los motivos más relevantes señalados por la literatura científica para la promoción de la acción son: la identidad, la injusticia, la eficacia y la ira. Sin embargo, todavía quedan aspectos por mejorar. Además de las variables mencionadas, hay argumentos suficientes para incluir otros factores que han sido pasados por alto en la hegemonía de la lógica instrumental; hablamos de la obligación moral y de las emociones positivas. Hay una lógica deontológica en la protesta colectiva que puede explicar porqué los individuos no participan simplemente para obtener algún tipo de beneficio, sino que también pueden sentirse moralmente obligados a hacerlo. Más aún, las emociones positivas tales como la esperanza, el orgullo y el optimismo pueden reforzar la motivación. Otro aspecto importante es el papel del contexto. Las características específicas del contexto político y de movilización pueden activar diferencialmente algunos motivos u otros. Todas estas nuevas contribuciones cuestionan la hegemonía de la lógica instrumental y demandan una actualización de las aproximaciones teóricas. Los autores discuten las implicaciones para la teoría y la investigación futura sobre la acción colectiva. ; Recently, many mobilisations have emerged all around the world and their impact on social change has been noteworthy. In this paper we shall review the evolution of the latest models of collective action in order to better understand current challenges in the field of political protest. Scholars have suggested that identity, grievances, efficacy, and anger are the relevant motives for prompting action. Nonetheless, there is still some room for improvement. In addition to previous variables, there is enough argumentation to include others which have been overlooked by the hegemony of instrumental logic; we are talking about moral obligation and positive emotions. There is a deontological logic in collective protest that can explain why individuals do not simply participate to obtain some kind of benefit; they may also feel morally obligated to do so. Moreover, positive emotions, such as hope, pride or optimism, can reinforce motivation. Another important aspect is the role of context. The specific characteristics of the political and the mobilising context may differently activate some motives or others. All these new contributions question the hegemony of the instrumental logic and demand an update of the theoretical approaches. The authors discuss the implications for theory and future research on collective action.

The goal of this study is to explore a set of psychosocial variables that may contribute to the constructive transformation of a violent sociopolitical conflict. Based upon several authors in Social and Political Psychology, we propose an analysis of the conflict through thirteen variables. These variables are stated from the perspective of the non-combatant population within the context of a real armed conflict. The variables are related to beliefs about the conflict's actors, perceptions of threat, confidence and costs, ethnocentric attitudes and interaction preferences with the adversaries. An attitude towards the conflict questionnaire was created and applied, with acceptable psychometric indexes. It confirms thirteen dimensions adjusted to the initial proposal ; El objetivo de este estudio es explorar un conjunto de variables psicosociales que podrían contribuir a la transformación constructiva de un conflicto sociopolítico violento. Basados en diversos autores de la psicología social y política, proponemos un análisis del conflicto a través de trece variables. Dichas variables se plantean desde la perspectiva de la población no combatiente que está dentro de un contexto de conflicto armado real. Las variables corresponden a creencias sobre los actores del conflicto; percepciones de amenaza, confianza y costes; actitudes etnocéntricas; y preferencias de interacción con los adversarios. Se elaboró y aplicó un cuestionario de disposición frente al conflicto, cuyos índices psicométricos fueron aceptables, y confirman trece dimensiones que se ajustan a la propuesta teórica inicial

In this article, we assume an interdisciplinary approach to the study of why and how people transpose political considerations to their lifestyles. Our aims are threefold: to understand the meanings and perceptions of people engaged in lifestyle politics and collective action; to examine the motives guiding individual change; and to explore the linkage processes between lifestyle politics and collective action. Identity process theory is considered as a lens to examine the processes and the motives of identity via a thematic analysis of 22 interviews. This study combined interviews with people seeking social change through their lifestyles with interviews with members of action groups and social movements. We found that each participant's identity is guided by identity motives such as distinctiveness, continuity, and psychological coherence. Besides, lifestyle politics is evaluated as an effective way to bring about social change, depending on the individual experience of perceived power to bring about change through collective action. Overall, lifestyle politics states the way in which the participants decided to live, to construct their identities, and to represent their beliefs about the right thing to do. Lifestyle politics complements collective action as a strategy to increase the potential of bringing about social change. The implications of this research are discussed in relation to the importance of understanding the processes of identity and lifestyle change in the context of social, environmental, and political change.

Collective action and protest have become a normalized political behavior that in many cases defines the political agenda. The reasons why people take to the streets constitute a central subject within the study of social psychology. In the literature, three precedents of protest that have been established as central to the study of this phenomenon are: injustice, efficacy, and identity. But political action is also deeply related to moral values. This explains why in recent years some moral constructs have also been pointed out as predictors of collective action. Moral variables have been introduced into the literature with little consideration to how they relate to each other. Thus, work in this direction is needed. The general aim of this research is to differentiate moral obligation from moral norms and moral conviction, as well as to compare their ability to predict collective action. In order to do so, the research objectives are: (a) conceptualize and operationalize moral obligation (Study 1, N = 171); (b) test its predictive power for intention to participate in protests (Study 2, N = 622); and (c) test moral obligation in a real context (Study 3, N = 407). Results are encouraging, showing not only that moral obligation is different to moral conviction and moral norm, but also that it is a more effective predictor working both for intention and real participation. This work therefore presents moral obligation as a key precedent of protest participation, prompting its future use as a variable that can enhance existing predictive models of collective action. Results regarding other variables are also discussed.

In this article, we argue that there is an element of rituality in all political demonstrations. This rituality can be either primarily oriented toward the past and designed to consolidate the configuration of political power—hence official—or oriented towards the future and focused on challenging existing power structures—hence oppositional. We apply this conceptual framework in a comparison of May Day demonstrations in Belgium, Switzerland, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom in 2010. The demonstrations display significant differences in terms of officiality and oppositionality. Our study provides strong evidence that these differences cannot be explained solely—if at all—by stable elements of the national political opportunity structures. Instead, differences in degrees of oppositionality and officiality among May Day demonstrations should be primarily understood in terms of cultural traditions in combination with volatile factors such as the political orientation of the incumbent government and the level of grievances.

This is a descriptive study multidimensional which analyses the speeches in a political context created by two players in the armed conflict in Colombia: United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) –also known as paramilitaries and government– which aims to identify the existence of differences or similarities in the ideological discourse that can be widely accepted and used to label the enemy as the enemy and justify acts of violence against him. The results show that the delegitimization of the opponent is carried out through the dissemination of linguistic several categories: proscription, proscription actions, negative characterization of the actions, use of political labels, characterizing features, weapons and dehumanization of the adversary where the preference by one or another category depends on the nature of the actor's ideological conflict that builds speech ; El presente es un estudio de tipo descriptivo multidimensional en el que se analizan los discursos creados en un contexto político por dos actores del conflicto armado en Colombia: Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC) –también conocidas como paramilitares– y Gobierno que tiene como propósito identificar la existencia de diferencias o similitudes en el discurso ideológico que puedan ser ampliamente aceptadas y utilizadas para rotular al adversario como enemigo y justificar acciones de violencia contra él. Los resultados muestran que la deslegitimación del oponente se lleva a cabo a través de la difusión de varias categorías lingüísticas: proscripción, acciones proscritas, caracterización negativa de las acciones, uso de rótulos políticos, caracterización de rasgos, armas del adversario y deshumanización, donde la preferencia por una u otra categoría depende de la naturaleza ideológica del actor del conflicto que construye el discurso

In times of crisis, political mobilizations increase. Many of them compete to impose a determined diagnosis of the situation. This work analyses this issue, taking into consideration two of the movements that have had a greater incidence during the crisis in Spain: The Catalonian National Assembly and the Marches for dignity. The objective is to know how the categories of aggrieved ingroup and outgroup responsible were identified and how both these movements defined the emotional climate at that moment. This work includes two studies. In the first one, an analysis of the categories identified in the manifestos published by these two movements was carried out. The results show that the Marches for dignity constructed a more inclusive ingroup identity and show a more negative emotional climate than the Catalonian National Assembly. The second study includes a sample of 919 participants and non-participants in 2 demonstrations called by those organizations. In this case MANOVAs of 2 (Type of demonstration: Catalonian National Assembly, Marches for dignity) × 2 (Type of participants: participants, non-participants) were performed. Results show that participants in both demonstrations have a higher level of injustice than non-demonstrators. Furthermore, demonstrators in Marches for dignity have a more negative perception of emotional climate than non-demonstrators. However, and contrary to the hypothesis, demonstrators of the Catalonian National Assembly have a more positive perception of emotional climate than non-demonstrators. The work explains these results in the socio-political context in which each of these movements acts and highlights the relevance of comparative investigation designs to further the knowledge of political mobilization dynamics.

In this study the speeches are analyzed of de-humanization of the adversary used by two armed illegal groups in Colombia: FARC-EP y AUC. The analysis of the data showed the existence of three linguistic categories that it is to the service of peace objective: proscription, characterization of features and of political categories to dehumanize. ; En este estudio se analizan los discursos de deshumanización del adversario empleados por dos grupos armados ilegales en Colombia: FARC-EP y AUC. El análisis de los datos puso de manifiesto la existencia de tres categorías lingüísticas que están al servicio de ese objetivo: proscripción, caracterización de rasgos y uso de rótulos políticos. También los resultados obtenidos muestran el carácter contextual y funcional de esas categorías de deshumanización.

En este estudio se analizan los discursos de deshumanización del adversario empleados por dos grupos armados ilegales en Colombia: FARC-EP y AUC. El análisis de los datos puso de manifiesto la existencia de tres categorías lingüísticas que están al servicio de ese objetivo: proscripción, caracterización de rasgos y uso de rótulos políticos. También los resultados obtenidos muestran el carácter contextual y funcional de esas categorías de deshumanización. ; In this study the speeches are analyzed of de-humanization of the adversary used by twoarmed illegal groups in Colombia: FARC-EP y AUC. The analysis of the data showed theexistence of three linguistic categories that it is to the service of peace objective: proscrip-tion, characterization of features and of political categories to dehumanize.