Suchergebnisse

Globally, and in the United States, flooding is considered one of the most destructive natural hazards in terms of lives lost, injuries, and economic losses. Despite the growing concern of climate change impacts on organizations in particular and society in general, very little is known about the factors influencing public, private, and nonprofit organizations to prepare for flood hazards. This article examines the predictors of flood preparedness in organizations using information collected via an online questionnaire from a national sample of 2008 employees of public, private, and nonprofit organizations in the United States in 2014. The findings revealed that in general, organization size and organization age are robust predictors of flood preparedness. This article concludes by discussing the implications of the results for theory, offering recommendations for practice, and outlining an agenda for future research on the predictors of flood preparedness at the organizational level.

AbstractEnvironmental hazards pose a considerable and genuine threat to the survival of organizations. However, organizations can increase their likelihood of survival by adopting various hazard adjustments. Prior studies on hazard adjustments have found a positive relationship between the adoption of hazard adjustments and organization size. However, no study on hazard adjustments has grouped hazard adjustments into active and passive and studied the relationship between active and passive hazard adjustments and organization size. The author investigates whether large organizations adopt more active and passive hazard adjustments than small organizations, using data from a survey of 227 organizations in Memphis, Tennessee. The results show that large organizations adopt more active and passive hazard adjustments than small organizations and both large and small organizations engage in different types of hazard adjustments.

AbstractDisaster researchers have established the determinants of mitigation and preparedness at the household level of analysis. However, at the organizational level, there is limited research and no theory to guide research on the determinants of mitigation and preparedness. The research question is "what are the determinants of mitigation and preparedness at the organizational level?" The data come from a survey of 227 organizations in Memphis, Tennessee. This study uses Tobit regression technique to identify the determinants and finds that organizational size and concern over disaster impact are strong positive determinants of mitigation and preparedness in organizations. In addition, there is a significant and nonlinear relationship between organizational obstacle and mitigation and preparedness activities. This study concludes with policy implications and recommendations for future studies.

Despite pushes to increase the level of disaster preparedness among businesses, few studies have empirically explored the extent to which businesses benefit from adopting preparedness measures. The present study aims to narrow this research gap by examining whether businesses with higher levels of perceived disaster preparedness experience fewer hurricane impacts and report a higher perceived recovery rating from disasters in comparison to businesses with lower levels of perceived disaster preparedness. Using data gathered from 19 businesses in Florida, United States, affected by Hurricane Irma in 2017, the authors find that businesses perceived they were very prepared for Hurricane Irma. However, businesses with higher perceived preparedness ratings did not always experience fewer hurricane impacts or report a higher perceived recovery rating. Responses from business owners and risk managers provide insights into why higher perceived preparedness ratings did or did not translate into fewer hurricane impacts and a higher perceived recovery rating.

This article discusses U.S. government's procurement of medical supplies and equipment during COVID-19 pandemic and the challenges posed by COVID-19 to U.S procurement system. The article also examines how the U.S. government, the private sector, and nonprofit organizations are working together to address procurement challenges. This article notes that the global pandemic has drained the strategic national stockpile of medical supplies and equipment and that the United States is struggling to meet the demand of these critical resources. The good news is that the U.S. government is partnering with the private sector to ramp-up the much-needed supply. This article underscores the need for the U.S. government to continue to look for efficient and productive ways to procure necessary medical supplies and equipment that are essential for health care professionals and those affected by the COVID-19. This article offers some recommendations to improve U.S. procurement system and outlines an agenda for future research.

This brief editorial introduction highlights the importance of policies and effective governance for disaster resilience including communities, individuals, institutions, and organizations through the execution of deliberate choice and collective action. Effective facilitation of development and implementation of disaster policies can lead to more resilient communities in the aftermath of disasters. The success of design, development, and execution of disaster resilience policies require engagement of the "whole community".

This brief editorial introduction highlights the importance of policies and effective governance for disaster resilience including communities, individuals, institutions, and organizations through the execution of deliberate choice and collective action. Effective facilitation of development and implementation of disaster policies can lead to more resilient communities in the aftermath of disasters. The success of design, development, and execution of disaster resilience policies require engagement of the "whole community".

This brief editorial introduction highlights the importance of policies and effective governance for disaster resilience including communities, individuals, institutions, and organizations through the execution of deliberate choice and collective action. Effective facilitation of development and implementation of disaster policies can lead to more resilient communities in the aftermath of disasters. The success of design, development, and execution of disaster resilience policies require engagement of the "whole community".

AbstractFlooding remains a major problem for the United States, causing numerous deaths and damaging countless properties. To reduce the impact of flooding on communities, the U.S. government established the Community Rating System (CRS) in 1990 to reduce flood damages by incentivizing communities to engage in flood risk management initiatives that surpass those required by the National Flood Insurance Program. In return, communities enjoy discounted flood insurance premiums. Despite the fact that the CRS raises concerns about the potential for unevenly distributed impacts across different income groups, no study has examined the equity implications of the CRS. This study thus investigates the possibility of unintended consequences of the CRS by answering the question: What is the effect of the CRS on poverty and income inequality? Understanding the impacts of the CRS on poverty and income inequality is useful in fully assessing the unintended consequences of the CRS. The study estimates four fixed‐effects regression models using a panel data set of neighborhood‐level observations from 1970 to 2010. The results indicate that median incomes are lower in CRS communities, but rise in floodplains. Also, the CRS attracts poor residents, but relocates them away from floodplains. Additionally, the CRS attracts top earners, including in floodplains. Finally, the CRS encourages income inequality, but discourages income inequality in floodplains. A better understanding of these unintended consequences of the CRS on poverty and income inequality can help to improve the design and performance of the CRS and, ultimately, increase community resilience to flood disasters.

There is little empirical evidence on the relationship between organizational risk managers and the adoption of hazard adjustments (measures taken to reduce risks from extreme events). Similarly, the risk perception literature is mixed on the relationship between risk perception and the adoption of hazard adjustments in organizations. This study empirically addresses these two gaps using data collected from 227 public, private and non‐profit organizations in the Memphis/Shelby County area, Tennessee, in 2006. This study finds a significant positive relationship between risk managers and the adoption of hazard adjustments. The results also indicate that organizational risk perception has a small positive influence on the adoption of hazard adjustments.