Suchergebnisse

Исследуется традиционное природопользование народов Причерноморья. ; This article determines contemporary forms of ethnic minorities, traditional nature management as promising subject area for Ethnic Monitoring. The perspective of development in the field of applied anthropology is defined in structure of tasks, concretized in Federal national policy of the Russian Federation for the period till 2025. The aim is to adapt methods of ethnological expertise to the solution of Government of the Russian problem — definition of criteria for evaluating the national policies effectiveness at the regional and municipal levels. The article pointed out that the traditional nature use can be studied only at the junction (border area) of several sciences: history, ethnology, sociology, economics, ecology, political science. The interdisciplinary nature of the research allows us considering the ethnic minorities nature use as a structural component of ethnic and regional economy. The internal and external factors of traditional nature use, forms transformation are demonstrated on the example of native and alien population of the Black Sea coast during the 19-20th centuries.

Unlike the transboundary regions of Mountain ecosystems in Europe (Alps) with high population density and the integration of the rural economy into the regional and World markets, most of the Mountainous regions of the Russian Federation are characterized by the stability of traditional forms of nature management and life support, which determine, on the one hand, natural (or "old") distinctiveness of the economy of rural enclaves and, on the other hand, the preservation of social institutions based on family and relative ties, the solidarity of fellow villagers, on the cohesion of the rural community and the viability of traditional culture and ethnic identification.
Regarding the general trends and consequences of the migration of inhabitants of Mountainous regions of Dagestan and North Ossetia to the lowland, it can be concluded that the prospects of ethnocultural dynamics in these republics are determined not only by the factors of urbanization, the growth of the absolute number and proportion of the population of predominantly Russian-speaking lowland urban and rural settlements and by the functional stagnation of local languages, but also by the demographic depression, depopulation of Mountainous territories, the gradual disappearance of Mountain villages, which can be considered almost the only mono-ethnic enclaves and social environments that ensure the reproduction of ethnolinguistic and ethnocultural identity in generations. In this regard, the importance of regional and federal social policy courses aimed at sustainable socio-economic and environmental development of Mountainous territories, preserving their demographic potential and ethnocultural particularities is emphasized.

The article discusses relevant methodological and applied issues of using the recreational potential of mountain ethnocultural landscapes for the sustainable development of mountain areas, replenishing family budgets and improving the quality of life of mountaineers. As a methodological guideline, the principle of a systematic approach is used. Ethno-tourism is considered as a factor of direct and indirect impact on traditional life-support systems of selected rural enclaves.Positive factors of socio-economic development, as well as risks associated with restrictions on the development of private business, with contradictions and violations of moral and ethical standards, and ethnocultural degradation of rural areas are highlighted. It is noted that the consequence of the administrative solution of the problem of land and demographic imbalances between mountain regions and the plain due to large-scale migrations of mountaineers to the plain of more than two hundred mountain villages and farms was that a large number of terraced fields, gardens, agricultural land were abandoned. Attention is drawn to the fact that over the past half century, the stability of demographic indicators in Dagestan is ensured by rural enclaves in the lowlands. The definition of "monetization" of ethnographic tourism is given as the formation of a sustainable communication system between rural enclaves, their representations in cities, travel agencies and the expert community. The fact that the deployment of a network of historical and cultural routes and ecological paths in ethnic territories should be preceded by field ethnographic studies is highlighted. The importance of information support of ethnographic tourism, coordination of interests of rural self-government bodies, regional authorities, agribusiness, and local population is noted. These provisions and approaches to the development and information management of the development of ethnographic tourism in Dagestan are illustrated by the example of a small touristic project "Archi".

This article aims at a preliminary study of the status and prospects of the use of ethno-cultural and demographic potential of Dagestan in the recreational and socio-economic development of Mountainous areas of the North Caucasus region, so-called mountain tourism for example: spas, sanatoria, skiing, climbing, trekking and handicrafts.
The perspectives of development of recreational opportunities in the North Caucasus are strongly connected with the population mobility and the stability of ethno-social situation and so have to be to be considered in the context of inter-ethnic (economic and cultural) communications of largely outsider authorities and inhabitants on regional and international levels. In this sense, acknowledgement of the country its culture, an introduction to the history of traditional economic specialization and its evolution, traditional customs and ethnic particularities, seems very important.
The practical, social significance of the development of recreational potential is determined by its metaphysical place in the preservation of historical-cultural and natural heritage: traditional social-support systems, economic specialization, and the handicraft centers.
Ignored by previous researchers, the fact that the phenomena of "ethnic economy", "ethnic entrepreneurship" and "preservation of traditional social institutions" of the peoples of the Caucasus (in this case) can be traced at all stages of their history, manifesting its exceptional stability during periods of change, such as local forms of government, changes of political regimes and ideological systems. Moreover, it is often ignored that the actual problems of integration of these social institutions into 'state-modernized' Russian society are the basic factors or reasons for destabilizing the system of interethnic relations.
This occurs especially in areas where various forms of ethnic entrepreneurship are represented by first- or second-generation often forced migrants.
We propose a practical approach to advise local good policy.