Suchergebnisse

Iran began conducting presidential elections after the revolution of 1979. Following the death of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini in 1989, Iran experienced a limited liberalization process, culminating in the election of President Khatami in 1997 and 2001 and the election of a reform-oriented parliament in 2000 (Sahliyeh, 2002). This phase ended when the conservatives recaptured the parliament in 2004 and 2008, and the election of Mahmoud Ahmedinejad as president in 2005 and 2009 (Gheissari and Nasr, 2005; Hen-Tov, 2006-07; Campbell, 2008). [Copyright Elsevier Ltd.]

Iran began conducting presidential elections after the revolution of 1979. Following the death of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini in 1989, Iran experienced a limited liberalization process, culminating in the election of President Khatami in 1997 and 2001 and the election of a reform-oriented parliament in 2000 (Sahliyeh, 2002). This phase ended when the conservatives recaptured the parliament in 2004 and 2008, and the election of Mahmoud Ahmedinejad as president in 2005 and 2009 (Gheissari and Nasr, 2005; Hen-Tov, 2006-07; Campbell, 2008). [Copyright Elsevier Ltd.]

In this book, Marion Boulby traces the rise and evolution of the Muslim Brotherhood movement in Jordan. In chapter 1, she gives a brief historical survey of Jordan's state-building and the economic and social developments in the country between 1921 and 1989. In chapter 2, she describes the formative phase of the Brotherhood and the conditions surrounding its establishment between 1945 and 1957. Here, Boulby contends that the concern over the future of Palestine rather than competition with leftist groups was the primary motive behind the formation of the Brotherhood. She also highlights the conservative nature of the founders of the movement and their adoption of a reformist ideology and pragmatic political stands. In her opinion, the norms of political conservatism, reform, and pragmatism, which have characterized the movement throughout its history, were behind the forging of a close alliance between the Brothers and the monarchy.

Policies pursued by Jordan, the PLO, and Israel.