Externalized Within, Everyday Bordering Processes Affecting Undocumented Moroccans in the Borderlands of Ceuta and Melilla, Spain
In: Journal of borderlands studies, S. 1-20
ISSN: 2159-1229
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In: Journal of borderlands studies, S. 1-20
ISSN: 2159-1229
In: International migration: quarterly review, Band 61, Heft 3, S. 404-406
ISSN: 1468-2435
In: Social policy and society: SPS ; a journal of the Social Policy Association, Band 20, Heft 3, S. 475-486
ISSN: 1475-3073
This article examines how Comorian pregnant women in Mayotte, a French overseas department in the Indian Ocean, came to embody an unwanted presence as irregular migrants due to their children's and their own potential claims to belonging, while they are entitled by law to access perinatal and maternal care. This article argues that framing undocumented pregnant women as a threat led to significant shortcomings in perinatal care delivery and that those shortages in turn worsened access to healthcare services for the Mahoran-French population as well, exacerbating feelings of resentment towards Comorians. Drawing on this case-study, the article foregrounds the malleability of the CARIN criteria (Control, Attitude, Reciprocity, Identity and Need), a theoretical tool to analyse ideas related to deservingness, by demonstrating how actors re-think the meanings of 'identity', 'control', 'attitude' and 'need' and assign different weights to them in the context of a dominant frame of undeservingness.
In: International political sociology, Band 15, Heft 2, S. 272-290
ISSN: 1749-5687
AbstractDrawing on Foucauldian biopolitics, Max Weber's and Hannah Arendt's understandings of bureaucracy, and Achille Mbembe's theoretical insights into necropolitical power, I propose the notion of humanitarian bureaucracy to account for the involvement of medical personnel in the summary deportations of pregnant Comorian women in Mayotte, a French overseas department in the Indian Ocean. In addition to their usual consultations, hospital midwives are asked to assess the health of pregnant women arrested at sea in order to state whether they can be lawfully detained, while deportations happen within hours owing to the specificities of this postcolonial migration regime. The notion of humanitarian bureaucracy traces how a series of bureaucratic acts, duly sanctioned by qualified professionals, performs a minimal and fragmented biopolitical surveillance that neutralizes the question of responsibility and rejects the racialized Other into a liminal space between failing to "make live" and avoiding to "let die." The article argues that humanitarian bureaucracy represents an ambivalent power, stemming from biopolitics yet producing necropolitics through processes of racialization. The article draws on three months of fieldwork conducted in Mayotte in 2017 and analyzes midwives' discourses and bureaucratic practices as materialized by the medical certificates they deliver in the context of these assessments.
In: Journal of ethnic and migration studies: JEMS, Band 46, Heft 9, S. 1809-1827
ISSN: 1469-9451
This photo-essay results from three-months of ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Melilla, a Spanish enclave in the north of Africa, in the framework of the ERC-funded project EU Border Care. It explores how, beyond a highly polarized debate, migration forms the very social fabric of the city. Melilla's economic fate is highly dependent on both regional border crossings and international migration. The 'migration industry' employs border guards and police forces but also social workers, translators, and healthcare professionals. Administratively, this border city can be characterized as a 'central periphery': while some sectors, such as health and education, depend more directly on the central Spanish government than it is the case for other regions, Melilla presents at the same time distinct tax and migration regimes. A regional migration regime facilitates mobility between the enclave and the neighboring Moroccan region of Nador as the movement of people and goods ensures the city's daily life. This photo-essay illustrates how formal borders create sharp cuts within geographical and social continuities. ; The work was supported by the European Research Council-funded project EU Border Care
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In: Critical sociology, Band 41, Heft 6, S. 993-995
ISSN: 1569-1632
In: The journal of North African studies, Band 20, Heft 4, S. 522-539
ISSN: 1743-9345
In: Transfer: the European review of labour and research ; quarterly review of the European Trade Union Institute, Band 21, Heft 1, S. 119-121
ISSN: 1996-7284
In: Social policy and society: SPS ; a journal of the Social Policy Association, Band 20, Heft 3, S. 436-439
ISSN: 1475-3073
In: Social policy and society: SPS ; a journal of the Social Policy Association, Band 20, Heft 3, S. 531-532
ISSN: 1475-3073
In: Social policy and society: SPS ; a journal of the Social Policy Association, Band 20, Heft 3, S. 440-451
ISSN: 1475-3073
This 'state-of-the art' article on the role of deservingness in governing migrants' access to social services situates our themed section's contribution to the literature at the intersection between the study of street-level bureaucracy and practices of internal bordering through social policy. Considering the increasing relevance of migration control post-entry, we review the considerations that guide the local delivery of social services. Among others, moral ideas about a claimant's worthiness to receive social benefits and services guide policy implementation. But while ideas of deservingness help to understand how perceptions of migrants' claiming play out in practice, we observe limited use of the concept in street-level bureaucracy research. Drawing on theorisations from welfare attitudinal research, we demonstrate the salience of deservingness attitudes in understanding the dynamics of local social service delivery to migrant clients.
Available online: 18 December 2018 ; In Greece, Italy, and Spain, austerity policies combined with the structural density of migration flows have had concrete social and material manifestations in the delivery of public health care. Through our ethnographic case studies in Lampedusa and southeastern Sicily, Melilla, and Athens, we examine the maternity care offered to migrant patients in the midst and the aftermath of the so-called "migration crisis" in state and non-state structures. Research was conducted in Athens and southeastern Sicily from August 2016 to August 2017; in Melilla from August 2016 to October 2016 and in January 2017; and in Lampedusa from August 2016 to January 2017. Data collected consist in semi-structured interviews and long-term ethnographic observations. The article explores whether and how the understanding or the labeling of the maternity care of migrants as an emergency within a context of professed crisis generates new norms of care within health-care delivery. Our findings suggest a) the adoption of solutions or practices that in the past might have been considered urgent, ad hoc, or creative; b) their normalization, deeply connected to the wider social landscape of these European peripheries and c) the institutionalization of humanitarianism in the context of these practices. Our research points out temporalities of emergency against the background of a professed migration crisis. In the context of austerity-driven underfunding, temporary solutions become entrenched, producing a lasting emergency. Yet, we argue that "emergency" can, at some point, generate practices of resistance that undermine, subtly yet significantly, its own normalization. ; ERC funded Project EU BORDER CARE 'Intimate Encounters in EU Borderlands: Migrant Maternity, Sovereignty and the Politics of Care on Europe's Periphery' (2015-2020) Grant number 638259
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The reproductive care of pregnant migrants entering the European Union via its Mediterranean borders represents an under-examined topic, despite a growing scholarly emphasis on female migrants and the gendered aspects of migration in the past three decades. This article uses ethnographic data gathered in Greece, Italy, and Spain to examine pregnant migrants' experiences of crossing, first reception, and reproductive care. We discuss our findings through the conceptual lens of vulnerability, which we understand as a shifting and relational condition attributed to, or dynamically endorsed by, migrant patients within given social contexts and encounters. We focus on two principal aspects of migrant women's experiences. First, we shed light on their profiles, their journeys to Europe via the three main Mediterranean routes, and the conditions of first reception. Through ethnographic vignettes we examine the diverse ways in which pregnant migrants become vulnerable within these contexts. Second, we turn to the reproductive healthcare they receive in EU borderlands. We explore how declinations of ideas of vulnerability shape the medical encounter between healthcare professionals and migrant women and how vulnerability is dynamically used or contested by migrant patients to engage in meaningful social relations in unpredictable and unstable borderlands. ; This article is based on research conducted as part of the ERC-funded project EU Border Care
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