Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis article develops the concept of recombinant urbanization to show how agrarian landed property and land‐based caste/class relations shape the production of post‐liberalization urban real estate markets in India. I focus on two interrelated but differentiated agrarian property regimes in western Maharashtra to argue that real estate development is building on prior uneven agrarian land markets, which were themselves sociotechnically produced by colonial and postcolonial development politics. Through an examination of the organizational form of sugar cooperatives, which mediated agrarian capitalism in an earlier era, I track how these primary agricultural cooperatives are now being reorganized into real estate companies, sometimes with former sugarcane growers as company shareholders. The same caste‐based political and social capital that made sugar cooperatives possible in a capitalist agrarian society is now being leveraged by agrarian elites to ease their own and their constituents' entry into an urbanizing economy. The concept of recombinant urbanization opens new methodological entryways to analyze the entangled agrarian and urban question in predominantly agrarian and late liberalizing societies.

Much of the urban growth in developing countries is taking place along infrastructure corridors that connect cities. The villages along these corridors are frenzied and contested sites for the consolidation and conversion of agricultural lands for urban uses. The scale of changes along these corridors is larger than the political jurisdiction of local governments, and new regional institutions are emerging to manage land consolidations Hwy Urbanization - Balak - image2at this corridor scale. This article compares two inter-urban highways in India and the hybrid regional institutions that manage them-the Bangalore-Mysore corridor, regulated by parastatals, and the Pune-Nashik corridor, regulated by cooperatives. It traces the emergence of parastatals and cooperatives to the turn of the 20th century, the ways in which these old institutions are being re-worked to respond to the contemporary challenges of highway urbanization, and the winners and losers under these new institutional arrangements. I use the term "negotiated decentralization" to more accurately capture the back-and-forth negotiations between local, regional and state-level actors that leads to context-specific regional institutions like the parastatals and cooperatives. (Pac Aff/GIGA)

Susan S. Fainstein is a Senior Research Fellow in the Harvard Graduate School of Design. Her book The Just City was published in 2010 by Cornell University Press and won the Davidoff Award of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning (ACSP). Among her other authored books are The City Builders: Property, Politics, and Planning in London and New York; Restructuring the City; and Urban Political Movements. She has edited books on planning theory, urban theory, urban tourism, and gender and planning. Her research interests focus on theories of justice, urban redevelopment, and comparative urban policy. She has received the Distinguished Educator Award of the ACSP, which recognizes lifetime career achievement. Dr. Fainstein has been a professor of planning at the Harvard Graduate School of Design, the Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation at Columbia University, and the Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy at Rutgers University and a visiting professor at, among others, the University of Amsterdam and the National University of Singapore. She was an editor of the International Journal of Urban and Regional Research and of Ethnic and Racial Studies and a consultant to various public organizations. She received her A.B. from Harvard University in government, her M.A. from Boston University in African Studies, and her Ph.D. in political science from MIT. Susan Fainstein's theoretical stance was forged in the late 1960s and 1970s when urban political movements were inspiring young urbanist intellectuals. Her concern for inequality and social justice and her use of a political economic framework for analyzing them have remained consistent to this day. The evolution of her thought has been driven by her empirical work, which has led her to misgivings about the potential of community empowerment to achieve progressive change for two reasons: neighborhoods themselves can be dominated by self-serving agendas; and when neighborhood agendas are progressive, they are unlikely to prevail ...

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Part I Overview of New Towns in the Twentieth and Twenty- First Centuries -- Introduction -- 1 A Brief History of New Towns -- 2 The Promises and Pitfalls of New Towns -- 3 Quality of Life in New Towns: What Do We Know, and What Do We Need to Know? -- Part II New Towns Around the World -- United States -- 4 New Towns in the United States -- 5 Development Lessons from Today's Most Successful New Towns and Master- Planned Communities -- 6 New Towns as Laboratories for Local Governance -- Asia -- 7 New Towns in East and Southeast Asia -- 8 A Governance Perspective on New Towns in China -- 9 New Towns in China: The Liangzhu Story -- 10 Successes and Failures of New Towns in Hong Kong -- 11 Right Place, Right Time: The Rise of Bundang -- 12 New Towns in India -- Elsewhere -- 13 European New Towns: The End of a Model? From Pilot to Sustainable Territories -- 14 Governing an Adolescent Society: The Case of Almere -- 15 Ex Novo Towns in South America: A Genealogy -- 16 New Towns in Africa -- Part III Lessons on How to Build New Towns -- 17 Why Is It So Difficult to Develop Financially Successful New Towns? New Town Finance: Problems and Solutions -- 18 Organizing and Managing New Towns -- 19 Reflections from International Practice -- Part IV New Town Futures -- 20 The Twenty- First- Century New Town: Site Planning and Design -- 21 Environmental Concerns and New Towns: Four Paths -- 22 Regional New Town Development: Strategic Adaptation to Climate Change -- 23 New Towns in a New Era -- Appendix 1 Location Maps for New Towns and Planned Communities -- Appendix 2 New Towns Inventory -- References -- Contributors -- Index -- Acknowledgments