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This article talks on interpretation methodologhy of tarti>b nuzu>li used by al-Jabiri for understanding al-Qur'an. Al-Jabiri offers new interpretation methodology, tarti>b nuzu>li , for criticizing, completing, and developing previous interpretations which are considered having political, ideoligical motivation, and many importances; and unable to answer many developing modern problems. There are two steps done; He reconstructs definition of al-Qur'an by self referencial and constructs sistematicly methodologycal of al-Qur'an interpretation. They are fas}l al-maqru>' 'an al-Qa>ri' and was}l al-qa>ri' bi al-maqru>' whose purposes make al-Qur'an modern for its self (mu'a>s}ra>n li nafsihi> ) and modern for us (mu'a>s}ira>n lana> ). So, the jargon of "s}a>lih} li kulli zama>n wa al-maka>n" can be really applicated without forgetting the authentication of al-Qur'an. ; Artikel ini berbicara tentang metodologi penafsiran tarti>b nuzu>li yang digunakan oleh al-Jabiri untuk memahami al-Qur'an. Al-Jabiri menawarkan metodologi interpretasi baru, tarti>b nuzu>li, untuk mengkritisi, melengkapi, dan membangun penafsiran sebelumnya yang dianggap memiliki motivasi politik dan ideologi, serta hal-hal penting lain; dan bisa untuk menjawab perkembangan masalah-masalah modern. Ada dua tahapan yang dilakukan; Dia merekonstruksi definisi al-Qur'an dengan merujuk ke al-Qur'an itu sendiri dan membangun metodologi yang sistematik untuk tafsir al-Qur'an, yaitu: fas}l al-maqru>' 'an al-Qa>ri' dan was}l al-qa>ri' bi al-maqru>' yang memiliki tujuan memodernkan al-Qur'an itu sendiri (mu'a>s}ra>n li nafsihi> ) dan modern juga bagi kita (mu'a>s}ira>n lana> ). Dengan itu jargon "s}a>lih} li kulli zama>n wa al-maka>n" dapat benar-benar diaplikasikan tanpa melupakan otentisitas al-Qur'an itu sendiri.

Many scientific studies have dealt with the fascinating subject of insularity. This thesis deals with Comorian insularity in terms of political geography, taking into account the empirical and theoretical contributions of other fields. From the pre-colonial era of colonization to independence until today, the Comorian nation, despite its single cultural identity, has always encountered political power rivalries. To try to understand the reasons behind the Comorian conflict and the territorial stability of the nation, this work studies the complexity, the geographical identity and the history of the Comoros islands. Centered on the endogenous and exogenous causes of this political dismemberment, our study also aims to reveal the geopolitical realities of the Comoros archipelago. Are the Comoros moderately to highly prone to political instability and fragmentation? How to maintain the country's political cohesion while recognizing each composite entity's genuine autonomy? The archipelago has never stopped oscillating between unity and political division. Which type of political system would be suitable for the geographical context of the Comoros, to contain the centrifugal forces? These are the essential questions of our research work. ; L'insularité a toujours fasciné et fait l'objet de nombreux champs d'étude scientifiques. Cette thèse traite l'insularité comorienne sous l'angle de la géographie politique en tenant compte des apports théoriques et empiriques des autres disciplines. De l'époque précoloniale à la colonisation à l'indépendance et jusqu'à nos jours, les rivalités de pouvoir sur l'espace comorien rythment et ont toujours rythmé la vie politique de la nation comorienne pourtant cimentée par une seule et unique identité culturelle. Pour tenter de comprendre les ressorts de la conflictualité comorienne et appréhender les équilibres territoriaux ce travail vise à étudier la complexité géographique et le creuset identitaire et historique. Centrée sur les causes endogènes et exogènes de cet écartèlement ...

Many scientific studies have dealt with the fascinating subject of insularity. This thesis deals with Comorian insularity in terms of political geography, taking into account the empirical and theoretical contributions of other fields. From the pre-colonial era of colonization to independence until today, the Comorian nation, despite its single cultural identity, has always encountered political power rivalries. To try to understand the reasons behind the Comorian conflict and the territorial stability of the nation, this work studies the complexity, the geographical identity and the history of the Comoros islands. Centered on the endogenous and exogenous causes of this political dismemberment, our study also aims to reveal the geopolitical realities of the Comoros archipelago. Are the Comoros moderately to highly prone to political instability and fragmentation? How to maintain the country's political cohesion while recognizing each composite entity's genuine autonomy? The archipelago has never stopped oscillating between unity and political division. Which type of political system would be suitable for the geographical context of the Comoros, to contain the centrifugal forces? These are the essential questions of our research work. ; L'insularité a toujours fasciné et fait l'objet de nombreux champs d'étude scientifiques. Cette thèse traite l'insularité comorienne sous l'angle de la géographie politique en tenant compte des apports théoriques et empiriques des autres disciplines. De l'époque précoloniale à la colonisation à l'indépendance et jusqu'à nos jours, les rivalités de pouvoir sur l'espace comorien rythment et ont toujours rythmé la vie politique de la nation comorienne pourtant cimentée par une seule et unique identité culturelle. Pour tenter de comprendre les ressorts de la conflictualité comorienne et appréhender les équilibres territoriaux ce travail vise à étudier la complexité géographique et le creuset identitaire et historique. Centrée sur les causes endogènes et exogènes de cet écartèlement ...

We are all aware that we are passing through a phase characterized by
rapid changes involving concepts that transcend cultures and utilize
mechanisms that some societies may be unable to understand. Since the end of
the Cold War, which had troubled international relations for more than fifty
years, the parameters of contemporary international relations have evolved
within the framework of the concept of globalization.
I do not think that anyone questions the political, economic, social or
cultural impact of globalization. The present differences of opinion concern
assessment of the extent of the adverse consequences of this impact on human
society, and especially on communities in the Third World, many of which are
still living in backward conditions.

La fin de la guerre froide a notamment modifié l'environnement dans
lequel travaillent les Sociétés nationales de la Croix-Rouge et du
Croissant-Rouge. Si la communauté internationale semble avoir trouvé les
moyens de résoudre les conflits traditionnels entre États sans recourir aux
armes, il en est autrement sur le plan interne, où des facteurs liés à un
développement insuffisant continuent d'engendrer la violence. L'auteur
s'intéresse, entre autres, à la question de savoir de quelle manière les
Sociétés nationales peuvent faire face aux deux tâches principales qui leur
incombent: l'assistance d'urgence aux victimes de catastrophes naturelles ou
de conflits, d'une part, et la prévention des situations d'urgence, d'autre
part. Même si elles sont accaparées par l'urgence, les Sociétés nationales
ne doivent pas négliger les activités liées au développement, car seules ces
activités permettront de prévenir déautres urgences. Enfin, l'auteur plaide
pour une Croix-Rouge et un Croissant-Rouge forts et innovateurs.

Objective: Stressful events increase in traumatic conditions. Coronavirus is a new and serious challenge and significant public health problem, which can cause different stressors. This study has identified stressful events experienced by Iranian adults during the COVID-19 epidemic. Method: Data on stressful events during the COVID-19 epidemic were collected online from 418 adults (mean age 37.16 years; 57.4% female and 42.6% male) using quota sampling method. Epidemic Stressful Events Checklist was applied for data collection. Data were analyzed by applying descriptive graphs and tables, the independent sample t-test, the Fisher's F test, and post hoc Bonferroni test. Results: The most frequent stressful event was rise in essential goods prices (84.7%); however, its perceived stress was not at the highest level. The highest severity of perceived stress was related to the death of a family member (4.83) due to COVID-19 infection, which was an event with the least occurrence, and the lowest severity of perceived stress was related to medical team performance (2.50). The results showed the severity of perceived stress is higher in women than men (t = 3.42; P value < 0.01) and also in the laboring occupations compared to other occupations (F = 3.18; P value < 0.05). Conclusion: Traumatic events can lead to more serious concerns, eg., worrying about those we love, concerns about the future of our life, and about what politicians and macro planners will do to protect our lives. Moreover, traumatic events can cause concerns about food, basic needs, and lack of resources to survive.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgment -- Introduction -- Organization of the Book -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part I: Artificial Intelligence -- Chapter 1: Application of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Fighting COVID-19 Pandemic -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Combat COVID-19 Pandemic -- 1.2.1 The Diagnosis and Prediction of COVID-19 Outbreak Using Artificial Intelligence -- 1.2.2 Artificial Intelligence in COVID-19 Outbreak Epidemiology -- 1.2.3 Artificial Intelligence in the Vaccine Development for COVID-19 -- 1.3 Applications of Big Data in Fighting COVID-19 Pandemic -- 1.4 Application Challenges of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Fight COVID-19 Pandemic -- 1.5 Conclusion and Future Research Directions -- References -- Chapter 2: An IOT-Based COVID-19 Detector Using K-Nearest Neighbor -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Related Work -- 2.3 The Proposed Model Using k-Nearest Neighbor -- 2.4 The k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) -- 2.5 Classification of the COVID-19 Symptoms -- 2.6 Discussion and Result -- 2.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Predictive Analytics for Early Detection of COVID-19 by Fuzzy Logic -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Related Work -- 3.3 Need for Early Detection of Covid-19 -- 3.3.1 More Frequent Signs -- 3.3.2 Common Signs -- 3.3.3 Severe Signs -- 3.4 About Fuzzy Logic -- 3.4.1 The Fuzzy Framework Contains -- 3.4.2 Membership Function -- 3.4.3 Fuzzifier -- 3.4.4 Fuzzy Control -- 3.4.5 Fuzzy Set -- 3.4.6 Defuzzification -- 3.5 Methodology -- 3.5.1 Identification of Parameters -- 3.5.2 Fuzzification (Membership Function) -- 3.5.3 Fuzzy Inference Method and Rules -- 3.5.4 Classification and Regression Trees (CART) -- 3.6 Implementation -- 3.7 Conclusion -- 3.8 Future Work -- References -- Chapter 4: Role of Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis of Covid-19 Using CT-Scan.

This study examined the effect of international capital flows on economic growth in Algeria for the period, 1990 to 2018. This study relied on four core channels of international capital flows which includes foreign direct investment (FDI), official development assistance (ODA), personal remittances (REM), and external debt stock (EXTDS) into Algeria. We found that all channels of international capital flows were not statistically significant in the short and long-run except the foreign direct investment.We result from this study that Algeria needs deep reforms in order to attract more foreign capital, especially creating an appropriate environment In order for these flows to contribute substantially to economic growth.
L'étude a examiné l'effet des entrées de capitaux internationaux sur la croissance économique de l'Algérie pour les périodes 1990 à 2018. L'étude a utilisé quatre principaux canaux d'entrées de capitaux internationaux, qui comprennent l'investissement direct étranger (IDE), l'aide publique au développement (APD), les envois de fonds personnels (REM) et le stock de dette extérieure (EXTDS) en Algérie.Nous avons constaté que tous les résultats n'étaient pas statistiquement significatifs à court et à long terme, à l'exception de l'investissement étranger direct.Nous avons appris de cette étude que l'Algérie a besoin de réformes profondes afin d'attirer plus de capitaux étrangers, en particulier en créant un environnement approprié pour que ces flux contribuent de manière substantielle à la croissance économique.