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Women in India are still struggling for financial independence. Females in India accounted for 48%, but their participation in the workforce is 26% (The Hindu, 2018). A significant proportion of the female labour workforce is engaged in the unorganized sector. The main reason for it is the informal sector flexibility to handle both work and household activity. In the Informal sector, enterprises are categorized as Own Account Enterprise (OAE, Enterprise do not hire any worker) and Establishments (enterprises which do hire any worker on a fairly regular basis). Many researchers referred to establishments as 'opportunity-Driven Enterprise' and 'Growth-oriented enterprise.' This paper will be focused on the status of Female-owned Established Enterprises all over the Indian states and in Manufacturing, Trade, and Other Services sector in India. This study is based on NSS 73rd round (2015-16). Most of the research on female entrepreneurs focused on their participation in Own Account Enterprises. This study is way forward to other studies because it focuses on growth-oriented enterprises than Necessity- Driven Enterprises, i.e., OAE.

Various policies and programmes have been launched in India to enhance the adaptive capacities of vulnerable groups to climate change. However, an assessment of the adaptive abilities of urban poor women living in the National Capital Region of Delhi, India, to climate change shows that marginalized groups have been excluded from access to required information. It recommends the urgent need to provide knowledge on how to adapt to the effects of climate change to the most vulnerable sections of society.

This article investigates monetary policy and stock market interaction across 41 developed and developing economies using GMM-Panel VAR model. The analysis is undertaken in two sub-periods—before and after the crisis of 2008 to make a comparative assessment of whether the relationship between monetary policy and stock prices altered in the aftermath of the crisis. We verify the existence of different channels of monetary transmission to stock prices. Our results point to the prevalence of discount rate channel of monetary policy in affecting stock prices after the crisis of 2008. Further, our results indicate an important role of excess liquidity in pushing stock prices upward in developed economies in the post-crisis period. In developing economies, term premia channel is the dominant channel of transmission to stock prices. Also, we find evidence of monetary authorities of developed economies responding directly to stock price movements to ensure financial stability in the post-crisis period. Central banks react primarily to inflationary pressures by tightening monetary policy both before and after the crisis in developed and developing economies. JEL Codes: C32, E44, E52, F42

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Notes on Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1 South Asian Integration: An Overview -- 2 Economic and Financial Integration In the South Asian Region: A Survey -- 3 On the Determinants of Economic Integration in Saarc Countries: A Macroeconomic Perspective -- 4 Factors Influencing the Saarc's Bilateral Trade : Evidence from Spatial Econometrics Models -- 5 Understanding the Business and Financial Cycles' Interdependence in Saarc Countries -- 6 Dynamics of Stock Market Integration in the South Asian Region -- 7 Interdependencies Amongst Short- and Long-Term Debt Markets of South Asia -- 8 Currency Linkages Across the South Asian Economies -- 9 Banking System Integration in South Asia -- 10 Role of China in South Asian Financial Integration -- Appendix A: Spatial Econometric Model -- Appendix B: Diebold & -- Yilmaz Methodology -- Appendix C: Copula Models for Dependence -- References -- Index.

Solar power has been one of the main focus areas in the clean energy trajectory with massive potential for application in the agriculture sector, particularly in the irrigation space. Underpinning technology and government programs have made accessing renewable energy such as solar power, very much within the reach of the communities. Solar powered irrigation system (SPIS) has been gaining the necessary impetus from development professionals and government, due to its ability to curtail climate change while supporting the economic growth of the country. With an increasing focus on solar energy use in agriculture, several pilots and models of solar irrigation systems have been rolled out in the country. In-spite of this, the majority of the agricultural water needs are being met by electricity or diesel operated pumps. Scaling up solar irrigation mechanism has been a challenge even though Indian government is promoting them by offering heavy subsidies. Further, recent studies have shown that while some of the existing models are limiting greenhouse gas emission, some are leading to dwindling of groundwater. This rationale the need to comprehensively synthesize existing pilot initiatives, which will in-turn lead to the identification of efficient and effective models for sustainable development. It also highlights the necessity to evaluate different business and institutional models of solar irrigation system to understand factors supporting and hindering the adoption of various solar irrigation systems. With this vision of generating comprehensive knowledge on different functional solar powered smart irrigation models in India and their scalability, the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), BISA-CIMMYT with support of Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH), India has studied and documented different models of solar pumps in collaboration with the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). The main objectives to bring forth this compendium are: to document qualitatively various deployment models of solar powered irrigation systems and to understand the factors impacting scalability of solar powered irrigation systems in India. Detailed information about the process of installation of SPIS, their usage and maintenance was collected. The different approaches have been documented in the form of case studies developed through primary and secondary research. Total 16 case studies describing different solar irrigation deployment models that are either highly popular and represent a significant portion of the solar pumps used today or they show innovations that have the potential to reach scale are documented. The compendium documents one case for centralised SPIS, two distributed SPIS and thirteen examples for decentralised systems. We tried to capture the key technical, social, institutional and financial attributes of the deployment approaches in the cases to enable comparative analysis and synthesis. This compendium brings together a collection of experiences from various geographies and from different stakeholders. The contributions are not intended to be state-of-the art academic articles but thought and discussion pieces of work in progress.