Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Preface -- About This Book -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Part I Application of Emerging Technologies in Disaster Resilience -- 1 Existing, New and Emerging Technologies for Disaster Resilience -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Categorization of Technologies for DRR -- 1.3 Enabling Environment -- 1.4 Innovation in DRR Technologies -- 1.5 About the Book -- References -- 2 Developing the eXtended Tangible User Interface as an Experimental Platform for Geo CPS -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 History of TUI -- 2.3 CPS Platform in the Geographic Dimension -- 2.3.1 CPS, IoT, and Geo CPS -- 2.3.2 Geo CPS Platform -- 2.4 eXtended TUI for the Geo CPS Platform -- 2.4.1 Conceptual Framework of eXtended TUI -- 2.4.2 System Architecture of XTUI -- 2.4.3 Functions of Geo CPS Platform -- 2.4.4 Working Scenarios -- 2.5 Experiment and Potential of Geo CPS -- 2.5.1 Community Trial in Urban Living Lab -- 2.5.2 Potential for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Innovation in Earthquake Early Warning System: A Case Study of EQ Guard -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Literature Review -- 3.2.1 Earthquake Early Warning Systems -- 3.2.2 Importance of Earthquake Early Warning Systems -- 3.2.3 Existing Earthquake Early Warning Systems -- 3.3 Gaps and Challenges -- 3.4 A Case Study of EQ Guard -- 3.5 Discussion -- 3.6 Way Forward -- References -- 4 Drones for Disaster Risk Reduction and Crisis Response -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Backgrounds -- 4.1.2 Everything Had Started on November 3, 2011 -- 4.1.3 Outlines -- 4.2 Why Drones in Disaster? -- 4.2.1 Needs and Usage of Drone -- 4.2.2 Drone Specialists/Volunteers in the Devastated Area -- 4.3 Cases of Risk Surveys by Drones/UAVs -- 4.3.1 Torrential Rain in Western Japan (July 2018) -- 4.3.2 Typhoon Hagibis (2019.10) -- 4.4 Collaboration with Local Municipalities.

Technological advances have helped to enhance disaster resilience through better risk reduction, response, mitigation, rehabilitation and reconstruction. In former times, it was local and traditional knowledge that was mainly relied upon for disaster risk reduction. Much of this local knowledge is still valid in today's world, even though possibly in different forms and contexts, and local knowledge remains a shared part of life within the communities. In contrast, with the advent of science and technology, scientists and engineers have become owners of advanced technologies, which have contributed significantly to reducing disaster risks across the globe. This book analyses emerging technologies and their effects in enhancing disaster resilience. It also evaluates the gaps, challenges, capacities required and the way forward for future disaster management. A wide variety of technologies are addressed, focusing specifically on new technologies such as cyber physical systems, geotechnology, drone, and virtual reality (VR)/ augmented reality (AR). Other sets of emerging advanced technologies including an early warning system and a decision support system are also reported on. Moreover, the book provides a variety of discussions regarding information management, communication, and community resilience at the time of a disaster. This book's coverage of different aspects of new technologies makes it a valuable resource for students, researchers, academics, policymakers, and development practitioners.

A smart city is a dynamic living system that contains hard (unchanging) and soft (changing) parts that each involve the implementation of respective technologies. Prior research has focused on infrastructure, technology, and social components when discussing smart city structure. In this paper, we explore key elements within the soft aspects of smart city initiatives enabling the organization of a dynamic structure. To do so, we focus on human behavior, which we illustrate by analyzing online activities in two cases: one is related to a smart city while the other focuses on an online community. Based on the analysis, we identify key elements that reveal how people participate and become engaged in order to provide lessons to be taken into account within smart city initiatives. Within online activities, the key elements we note are related to knowledge generation, information sharing of common interests, and the creation of collective action.

International audience ; The 21st Century has been termed "the century of disasters." Worldwide there were twice as many disasters and catastrophes in the first decade of this century as in the last decade of the 20th Century. All continents are affected, both directly and indirectly. And the trend continues, fuelled by climate change, demographic changes and social dynamics. The serious challenges facing government in cities, regions and nations of the world relate to acute shocks (such as forest fires, floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, pandemics and terrorist attacks) and chronic stresses (such as high unemployment, religious extremism, inefficient public transport systems, endemic violence, chronic shortages of food and water). Information is among the key life-supporting essentials in a disaster response, as well as water and basic foods which are vital to sustain lives. It is information technology these days that gives us access to most of this information. We rely greatly on it. In this sense, information management with effective use of information systems should be conducted and evaluated among disaster relief agencies. Successful information management will result in making higher situational awareness in a field that is crucial for a disaster response. It also guides us to build a disaster-resilient community which can adapt the society to those unexpected events. These issues should be tackled at each level of the governance (international, national, regional, local, etc.), and with regards to all relevant dimensions (social, technological, interoperability, agility, etc.). This minitrack features government and disaster information management, including the development of disaster resilience communities/societies. Five papers have been selected that deal with any aspect of the analysis, design, development, deployment, implementation, integration, operation, use or evaluation of ICT for discussing government roles for disaster responses, disaster information management, and resilience communities. In ...

International audience ; The 21st Century has been termed "the century of disasters." Worldwide there were twice as many disasters and catastrophes in the first decade of this century as in the last decade of the 20th Century. All continents are affected, both directly and indirectly. And the trend continues, fuelled by climate change, demographic changes and social dynamics. The serious challenges facing government in cities, regions and nations of the world relate to acute shocks (such as forest fires, floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, pandemics and terrorist attacks) and chronic stresses (such as high unemployment, religious extremism, inefficient public transport systems, endemic violence, chronic shortages of food and water). Information is among the key life-supporting essentials in a disaster response, as well as water and basic foods which are vital to sustain lives. It is information technology these days that gives us access to most of this information. We rely greatly on it. In this sense, information management with effective use of information systems should be conducted and evaluated among disaster relief agencies. Successful information management will result in making higher situational awareness in a field that is crucial for a disaster response. It also guides us to build a disaster-resilient community which can adapt the society to those unexpected events. These issues should be tackled at each level of the governance (international, national, regional, local, etc.), and with regards to all relevant dimensions (social, technological, interoperability, agility, etc.). This minitrack features government and disaster information management, including the development of disaster resilience communities/societies. Five papers have been selected that deal with any aspect of the analysis, design, development, deployment, implementation, integration, operation, use or evaluation of ICT for discussing government roles for disaster responses, disaster information management, and resilience communities. In ...

Existing literature argues that taking a holistic approach to disaster management is important for organizations in achieving resilience. However, theoretical underpinnings are lacking to achieve a holistic understanding. This paper applies the notion of an ecosystem as a holistic lens to understand complex disaster management. \ \ We report two case studies from Japan and Nepal to illustrate how an ecosystem works during a disaster. The Japan case is a government initiative, whereas the Nepal case is a non-governmental initiative. The theoretical framework of information ecology is used in analyzing the cases. \ \ Based on the findings, we formulate three propositions that show important elements of ecosystems to approach resilience. The study suggests that coevolution is a key to respond to constantly changing situations during a disaster. To accomplish ecosystem coevolution, creating a collaboration system with governments and local communities and embedding local knowledge into the system are essential. Furthermore, digital tools can play a critical role in the coevolution process. \

International audience ; Clearly, the year 2020 has shown how sensitive human society is to crisis situations. This is not only a simple matter of fact, this is also and mainly the consequence of the hyper connection of this human society. There is actually no more absorption space for our world and society to absorb any significant disruption and avoid its spreading across the whole planet. However, the progress of human society, in addition to being considered as the main cause of this dangerous evolution, could also provide avenues to deal with it: data science, artificial intelligence, social networks and more globally information technologies are amazing avenues that "in charge" institutions and governments should deeply consider to take the right path to deal with the tremendous next challenges of the century (global warming, pandemics, overpopulation and lack of resources, disbalance north and south, drop of biodiversity, etc.). The DIRECT minitrack of the eGov track of HICSS 54 presents nine great papers addressing these issues but also these perspectives. The following presents each of these articles.

International audience ; Clearly, the year 2020 has shown how sensitive human society is to crisis situations. This is not only a simple matter of fact, this is also and mainly the consequence of the hyper connection of this human society. There is actually no more absorption space for our world and society to absorb any significant disruption and avoid its spreading across the whole planet. However, the progress of human society, in addition to being considered as the main cause of this dangerous evolution, could also provide avenues to deal with it: data science, artificial intelligence, social networks and more globally information technologies are amazing avenues that "in charge" institutions and governments should deeply consider to take the right path to deal with the tremendous next challenges of the century (global warming, pandemics, overpopulation and lack of resources, disbalance north and south, drop of biodiversity, etc.). The DIRECT minitrack of the eGov track of HICSS 54 presents nine great papers addressing these issues but also these perspectives. The following presents each of these articles.

International audience ; Clearly, the year 2020 has shown how sensitive human society is to crisis situations. This is not only a simple matter of fact, this is also and mainly the consequence of the hyper connection of this human society. There is actually no more absorption space for our world and society to absorb any significant disruption and avoid its spreading across the whole planet. However, the progress of human society, in addition to being considered as the main cause of this dangerous evolution, could also provide avenues to deal with it: data science, artificial intelligence, social networks and more globally information technologies are amazing avenues that "in charge" institutions and governments should deeply consider to take the right path to deal with the tremendous next challenges of the century (global warming, pandemics, overpopulation and lack of resources, disbalance north and south, drop of biodiversity, etc.). The DIRECT minitrack of the eGov track of HICSS 54 presents nine great papers addressing these issues but also these perspectives. The following presents each of these articles.

International audience ; Clearly, the year 2020 has shown how sensitive human society is to crisis situations. This is not only a simple matter of fact, this is also and mainly the consequence of the hyper connection of this human society. There is actually no more absorption space for our world and society to absorb any significant disruption and avoid its spreading across the whole planet. However, the progress of human society, in addition to being considered as the main cause of this dangerous evolution, could also provide avenues to deal with it: data science, artificial intelligence, social networks and more globally information technologies are amazing avenues that "in charge" institutions and governments should deeply consider to take the right path to deal with the tremendous next challenges of the century (global warming, pandemics, overpopulation and lack of resources, disbalance north and south, drop of biodiversity, etc.). The DIRECT minitrack of the eGov track of HICSS 54 presents nine great papers addressing these issues but also these perspectives. The following presents each of these articles.