Suchergebnisse

AbstractShare contracts are the dominant remuneration system in artisanal fisheries. Introducing regulations based on collective use rights may affect the way profits are distributed. The literature on the effect of regulatory reform on factor income distribution, however, is scarce. In this paper, we look at differences in the implementation of the Extractive Artisanal Regime in Chilean hake artisanal fisheries to test its effect on share contracts. We estimated a switching regression model using census data to calculate the average treatment effect. Our results show that crewmembers in communities regulated by some form of collective use rights receive, on average, 6 per cent more of total net incomes compared to those regulated by a limited access with global quota regime. Differences in the relation between crew size and labor rewards, as well as in the negotiating power of crewmembers under different regimes, may explain the results.

En elpresenteartículo se indaga sobre la relación entre la migración y la política en Estados Unidosdurante el período de 2000-2020. En específico, se examina el volumen de detenciones en función del partido gobernante a nivel estatal, a la vista de distintos eventos coyunturales y procesos socioeconómicos, con los datos del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional de Estados Unidos, por agencia participante. En cada apartado, distintas interrogantesguían la investigación: en primer lugar, ¿quiénes arrestan a inmigrantes en Estados Unidos?;en segundo, ¿qué agencia realiza más arrestos de indocumentados? y ¿dónde ocurrenmás arrestos, en la frontera o en el interior?;en tercer lugar, ¿qué papel juegan los gobiernos estatales según su afiliación política demócrata o republicana? Las tendencias principales y las diferencias se presentan en las conclusiones.

An i-voting system may promote electoral participation by reducing travel cost and time to polling places, especially among youth who are more accustomed to technological changes. We study the linkage between travel costs on election day and voter turnout by comparing past electoral participation with stated voting behavior in a hypothetical i-voting system. We believe that the link between transportation costs, i-voting, and voter-turnout emerges as an interesting opportunity to disentangle the mechanism behind the expected increase in political participation after diversifying voting channels. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that was disseminated among Chilean university students. Binary and bivariate probit estimates show that conventional turnout probability among university students is negatively affected by travel costs on election day. Interestingly, whereas political interest and democracy valuation still augment the probability of voter turnout with i-voting, travel-to-polling-station costs are not statistically relevant.

AbstractWe argue that a deficient provision of public goods may influence citizen satisfaction with the status quo, thereby encouraging demands for institutional changes. We formalize and test this relationship using prior data related to the recent constitutional process carried out in Chile to replace its dictatorship‐era constitution. Individual‐level data from the Chile 2016/17 AmericasBarometer survey are used to estimate ordered and multinomial probit models to study the determinants of citizen preferences for constitutional change, distinguishing between amendment and replacement. The main findings reveal that preferences for reforming the Chilean constitution can be driven by greater discontent with public goods provision. These results remain robust when estimating pseudo‐panel models using cohort‐level data and examining coefficient stability. Moreover, higher levels of corruption are associated with a stronger demand for constitutional replacement, suggesting a potential rupture in the shared social contract due to poor governance and lower political equality.

Lately, questionings have emerged on how public resources are managed. This work calculates the technical efficiency of municipalities in Chile, with special emphasis on the political factors that drive efficiency in the management of local resources. In particular, focus is placed on the relationship between political ideology of the local government and central government. To do this, we use a panel data of Chilean municipalities for the years 2010-2016. The methodology follows two stages. First, we estimate efficiency scores by the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. Second, a Fractional Probit model is estimated to explain these scores. The main results show that, on average, municipalities produce 49% achieve 49% less of output than the optimal. Higher levels of efficiency are obtained in larger, urban communes and with greater participation in the Municipal Common Fund. Efficiency increases when the mayor presents himself for a re-election and is reduced in the periods in which a left coalition governs. The later effect is reduced to the extent that the majority of the municipal council share the same ideology of the national government, suggesting an effect of the relationship between the central and local government on efficiency levels. ; Últimamente, se ha generalizado una desconfianza en relación con la gestión de los recursos públicos. Este trabajo mide la eficiencia técnica de las municipali- dades en Chile, haciendo especial énfasis en aquellos factores de tipo político que inciden en la eficiencia en la gestión local. En particular, el foco es puesto en la relación entre la ideología política del Gobierno local con el Gobierno central. Para ello, se utilizan datos de panel de municipalidades chilenas para los años 2010-2016. Las estimaciones siguen dos etapas. Primero, se mide la eficiencia mediante el Análisis Envolvente de Datos. Segundo, se estima un modelo Probit Fraccional para explicar estos niveles. Las estimaciones señalan que en promedio las municipalidades proveen un ...