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Transnational city networks (TCNs) focused on international migration and migrant integration are an outcome of cities' ever-larger role in migration governance beyond city boundaries. Although the nascent TCN literature has focused on networks' emergence and expansion, TCNs' effects on local actors within member cities remain underexplored. The article seeks to understand and explain the extent to which migration and integration TCNs contribute to collaboration between local governments and nonstate actors in member cities. To do so, I use collaborative governance to examine collaborative activities between local governments and nonstate actors in the context of two cities' membership in TCNs: Barcelona and Rotterdam. My findings show that full collaboration, as the goal of collaborative governance, between local governments and nonstate actors within the framework of TCNs' membership has not been achieved in the cities studied. Instead, I argue that collaboration with nonstate actors is selectively used by local governments to legitimize their position on TCNs and in the overall response to migration and integration. By establishing a nexus between TCNs and collaborative governance, the article offers a nuanced understanding of what collaboration between local governments and nonstate actors implies for (local) migration governance to migration scholarship. When collaboration does not reach its full potential, as findings show, then transnational debates on governing migration and integration from the city level become a distant reality for local nonstate actors, and by extension, local residents including migrants.

This study aims to analyze the creation of a political identity, used by presidential candidate Yaku Pérez prior to the presidential Ecuadorian elections in 2021. For that matter, the advertising spot called "Viene Lo Nuevo, Viene Lo Bueno", launched in December 2020, has been used as an object of analysis. This study allows us to identify the symbolic elements and discourses that shed light over a coherent creation of the candidate's political identity. ; Este estudio pretende analizar la construcción de identidad política realizada por el candidato presidencial Yaku Pérez, previo a las elecciones presidenciales de Ecuador de 2021. Para ello, se utiliza el spot publicitario titulado "Viene Lo Nuevo, Viene Lo Bueno", lanzado en diciembre del año 2020, como objeto de análisis. El presente estudio hace posible la identificación de elementos simbólicos y discursos que evidencian una construcción coherente de la identidad política del candidato.

This paper seeks to look at the construction of the fear of peace from two notions that are considered relevant: time and space. Time from the construction of the past, present and future, space from the territory. To this end, two approaches are made, one of a reflexive order and the other based on expressions related to the result of the peace dialogues between the government of Juan Manuel Santos and the FARC-EP. This route is maintained in the past and in the present, to then reach the future, where from the explanation of the leader of the opposition to the peace process, Álvaro Uribe Vélez, the fear of peace materializes, to bet on other ways in which it is possible to narrate the past to build other futures. ; Este escrito busca realizar una mirada a la construcción del miedo a la paz desde dos nociones que se consideran relevantes: tiempo y espacio. El tiempo desde la construcción del pasado, presente y futuro, el espacio desde el territorio. Para este fin se realizan dos aproximaciones, una de orden reflexivo y la otra a partir de expresiones relacionadas con al resultado de los diálogos de paz entre el gobierno de Juan Manuel Santos y las FARC-EP. Este recorrido se mantiene en el pasado y en el presente, para entonces llegar al futuro, donde a partir de la explicación del líder de la oposición al proceso de paz, Álvaro Uribe Vélez, se materializa el miedo a la paz, para apostar por formas otras en que es posible narrar el pasado para construir otros futuros.

The concepts of outsourcing and outsourcing have been equivocally assimilated. Both notions correspond to different phenomena. Outsourcing commits the delegation of processes from the production chain to third parties. On the other hand, outsourcing is a transition process through which a localized economy redirects the centralization of its efforts and productive factors, previously aimed at strengthening the primary and secondary sector, towards the promotion and development of the tertiary sector, better known as service sector. Colombia is not a foreign country to that reality. Although it is considered a Latin American economy based on efficiency1, the government, through the Productive Transformation Program, has dedicated resources aimed at involving private companies. The objective is to improve the benefits for exporting services, as well as boost the sector through training and investments that, when operating within the territory, strengthen research and bring with it the necessary and appropriate technology to provide greater and better value added to the scheme. Outsourcing ; Los conceptos de tercerización y terciarización han sido equívocamente asimilados. Ambas nociones corresponden a fenómenos diferentes. La tercerización compromete la delegación de procesos de la cadena productiva a terceros. Por otro lado, la terciarización es un proceso de transición mediante el cual una economía localizada redirecciona la centralización de sus esfuerzos y factores productivos, antes orientados a fortalecer el sector primario y secundario, hacia la promoción y el desarrollo del sector terciario, mejor conocido como sector servicios. Colombia no es un país ajeno a dicha realidad. Aunque es considerada una economía latinoamericana basada en eficiencia1, el gobierno, por medio del Programa de Transformación Productiva, ha dedicado recursos orientados a involucrar a la empresa privada. El objetivo es mejorar los beneficios para exportación de servicios, así como impulsar el sector por medio de capacitaciones e inversiones que, al operar dentro del territorio, fortalezcan la investigación y traigan consigo la tecnología necesaria y apropiada para brindar mayor y mejor valor agregado al esquema de tercerización.