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This study investigates Breakfast, a short fiction by John Steinbeck, in the light of Louis Althusser's theory of ideology expounded in his essay Ideological State Apparatuses (ISAs). According to this post-Marxist philosopher, social institutions like church, family, education, and morality paradigm are political agencies that work to inculcate the spirit of allegiance to the existing ideologies among the individuals of a given social formation. Interpellation is an essentially significant mode that is consistently employed to bend the living individuals as 'subjects' to the dominant institutional ideologies. The interpellated subjects, the subjected souls, are addressed in such a way that they continue to believe themselves as contented, autonomous and independent entities. But there are some occasions when the readers encounter the irregularities and fault-lines in the ideologically woven smooth literary text. This dialogic aspect of the text is central to its political character.This study would use the popped up chunks of the given discourse to analyse how the ideological processes keep the addressed characters in a state of complacency. It is hoped that this paper would enable the readers to confront the strategic workings of the ideological hailings; they are also expected to spot the contradictions in the politically maneuvered text. These infrequent but subtle hints serve as a type of protest, resistance and critical deixis to the aestheticised ideological hegemonies.

Telecommunication facility has been provided in most countries
as a user pay public service managed, typically, through the Post,
Telegraph and Telephone departments or by some government-owned
monopoly. The tradition has been to regard it as a natural monopoly to
be supplied by the public sector.1 This perception has changed.
Telecommunication is now increasingly recognised as a prime mover of the
modern day economy. It is opening to participation by the private
sector. The economic benefits of telecommunications are enormous, both
as a growth industry in its own right and in terms of its impact on
economic development. It has a significant social role in transforming
how people communicate, become informed or do business. Additionally, it
is also environment-friendly because it disseminates information without
shifting goods or people. The practice now in vogue is to establish a
regulatory agency with a high degree of independence from both operator
and government. The regulator's task is to implement government policy,
ensure performance accountability by the operators and other players in
respect of economic and social policy objectives, resolve disputes
between competitors, monitor changing industry conditions and advise
government on developments bearing on policy. The regulatory agency acts
as a buffer between telecom operators and government, helping to ensure
the separation of functions.

The Economics of Corruption is a collection of papers covering
both the theoretical as well as the empirical perspectives on
corruption. It deals with various aspects of corruption and provides a
well-integrated framework for research in this growing and active area
of inquiry. Besides the first chapter, "Corruption: An Overview",
written by Ajit Mishra, which is an excellent review of the existing
literature in the field, the book consists of ten articles divided by
three themes. "Corruption as phenomena [sic] is always associated with
an agency structure" writes Ajit in the introductory chapter of the book
(p. 5). Corruption arises when the principal and agent have conflicting
objectives and the principal fails to design the comprehensive
enforceable contract due to lack of information. It becomes complicated
when the principal puts an incentive scheme in place so as to induce
optimal action by the agent and hires another agent to implement this
incentive scheme, referred to as Supervisor. Ajit classifies this
Principal-Supervisor-Agent problem, broadly, into three different types
of relationships according to the powers and responsibilities enjoyed by
the Supervisor.

The study was aimed to examine the issues of English curriculum implementation at higher secondary level schools in Punjab. The study is quantitative in nature. The sample of the study was comprised of 429 English teachers teaching at higher secondary level schools. Stratified sampling technique was used to select the sample and one instrument was used for data collection named Issues of English Curriculum Implementation Questionnaire (IECIQ) comprised of 58 items developed by the researcher on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The reliability of questionnaire of issues on English curriculum implementation was found .82. The instrument was also validated from 5 experts of relevant areas which assisted in refining language, clarity in items and sentence structure. The data were collected through survey research method and were analyzed by applying descriptive analysis techniques. The results of the study showed that English teachers used to face issues in English curriculum implementation at higher secondary level schools such as lack of communication skill, inappropriate teacher trainings, teaching method and methodology, multicultural society, lack of social and ethical development of students, lack of teaching resources and aids, inappropriate assessment procedures, misalignment of the content of English textbook, insufficient institutional resources, inappropriate government policies regarding English curriculum implementation and immeasurability of students learning outcomes written in English curriculum document. The results of the study suggested to give motivation to English teachers by providing attractive incentives, appropriate training programs and proper supervision of curriculum implementation of English subject.

This research explores the Ecosophy of discourse produced around the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The study starts with building a corpus of texts, taken from the official website of the CPEC. The list of 18 key words was made, based on three United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) out of 17 goals. Theoretical framework of Stibbe's (2015) ecocritical discourse perspective is used to develop the Ecosophy of the CPEC, while analytical framework is based on three UN sustainable development goals outlined in 2015. Corpus linguistics as a methodology is used to undergo quantitative and qualitative analysis. In quantitative analysis, collocates were analyzed by identifying Mutual Information (MI) score. The highest MI score (11.26013) is gained by the collocation named CPEC-Deforestation and the lowest is of CPEC-Water (0.87352) which show that the infrastructure project of the CPEC caused deforestation and less affected water.

Modern hiring practices based on qualification, gender discrimination, person-job fit, and life satisfaction can allow employees to perform effectively and significantly contribute to organizational commitment. Thus, the study aims to develop and test a structural model that integrates the relationships between overqualification, life satisfaction, person-job fit, employees' job performance, and organizational commitment during the COVID-19 pandemic in the public organizations of Kuwait. The person-job fit theory was applied to obtain fair results. Thus, the data were collected from 275 employees working in healthcare institutions, the education sector, and the Ministry of Defense in Kuwait. Overall, the results show a significant and direct impact of overqualification and life satisfaction on employees' job performance; accordingly, employees' job performance also affects organizational commitment. Thus, results indicate that person-job fit negatively affects employees' job performance. Surprisingly, employees' job performance mediates the relationship between overqualification, life satisfaction, and organizational commitment. However, employees' job performance does not mediate the relationship between person-job fit and organizational commitment. The current paper contributes to understanding the broad impact of overqualification, life satisfaction, and employees' job performance on organizational commitment during the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly in public organizations.

The study was performed to see the effect of Teachers' Professional Development on the Teacher's Instructional Practices in Special Education. The aims of this research include exploring the use of special education teacher instructional practices in schools and studying the influence of professional development on instructional practices of teachers. The study was quantitative in nature and used a self-developed survey for the collection of data from respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. The result indicates that instructional practices differ on the basis of gender; however, qualification has no influence on instructional practices. Moreover, the distance (division)of respondents, duration of training did not affect the professional development of respondents. Moreover, professional development had a direct relationship with the instructional practices in special education.

This study aims at investigating the theatrical aspects of SamuelFyzee-Rahamin's play text Daughter of Ind. The playwright's theatricality comprises of a variety of distancing devices that are artistically positioned to realize the intended sociopolitical goals. To pop up the spectacle dimension of the said text, various situations, episodes, and personages are shrewdly juxtaposed against each other. This phenomenon inevitably necessitates the sense of urgency, immediacy, and the unfolding of the dialogic filters. A paradigm of analogies is introduced intentionally to complement and reinforce the dialectical configurations. Histrionic expressions and actions push the characters and the discourses towards the stagy world of acting. Theatrical imagery, the intervention of supernatural elements, the polyphony of competitive ideologies, and the narrational voice are the other features of theatricality that smartly challenge the coercive structures like patriarchy,colonialism, and the marginalization of the weak sections of the Indian society.Naivety is a common technique used by political dramatists to successfully enlist the attention of the audience. A theoretical framework for this study consists of postmodern theories on theater, especially Wladimir Krysinski'sessay Changed Textual Signs in Modern Theatricality.

This article descriptively unfolds the socio-academic perceptions of white-collar parents about the superiority of English medium over Urdu medium schools. An opinionnaire containing twenty-five opinion items was administered to fifty parents who send their wards to popularly known as English medium schools. The results of the study show that the majority of parents are fearful about the socio- academic or professional future of the children if sent to Urdu medium schools, which are either in the public sector or known as Galli/mohallah schools having eye-catching names. The study unfolds that a majority of parents themselves studied at Urdu medium schools, which, according to them, were once capable of catering to the multi-faceted needs of the students. Hence, the study invites the attention of the policymakers to address the issue and try to bring back the lost glory of the Urdu medium/public sector schools, which may guarantee the socio-economic future of students.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on the implications of claimed detrimental impacts for the agricultural activity of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) ecosystem health in Queensland, Australia. The authors discuss the complex interaction of factors that have contributed to the decline in reef ecosystems and the challenges presented by multiple industries operating within the GBR catchment area. The authors then discuss measures employed to address agricultural run-off, claimed to be a significant factor in declining reef water quality.Design/methodology/approachSurveys of land managers were undertaken in partnership with two of the six natural resource management (NRM) organizations operating in areas adjacent to the GBR identified as having very high risk of natural and anthropogenic runoff. The sample population was obtained from a membership database within the two regions. Participants include land managers from the both regions who engaged in sugar cane production (Region 1 and Region 2, included in this paper) and cattle production (Region 2, to be reported later). Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed including open-ended responses.FindingsA large-scale study of land managers reveals several reasons for the lack of success at reducing agricultural run-off. The authors discuss the rationale for a move to a theory-grounded social marketing approach to encouraging land manager behavior change, highlighting barriers, and potential enablers of sustained behavior change.Originality/valueThis study is first of its kind that discusses the behavior of land managers in the GBR catchment area and highlights facilitators and impediments of land managers' behavior change toward GBR protection actions.