Suchergebnisse

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Figures, Diagrams and Table -- Acknowledgements -- Map 1: Aceh, Indonesia -- Map 2: Research sites in Aceh -- Introduction -- Part One. Between Orders and Jurisdictions -- Chapter 1 Unpacking Legal Pluralism -- Chapter 2 Shifting Legal Orders -- Chapter 3 Competing Jurisdictions -- Part Two. Between Justice and Rights -- Chapter 4 Unequal Legal Options -- Chapter 5 Contested Lawmaking -- Chapter 6 Disputed Land Ownership -- Part Three. Between Villages and Courtrooms -- Chapter 7 Orphaned Grandchildren -- Chapter 8 Insurance Benefits -- Chapter 9 Triple Divorce -- Conclusion -- Appendix I The Population of Aceh based on Religious Affiliation, 2010 -- Appendix II The Result of the Provincial Legislative Election in Aceh, 2014 -- Appendix III Abbreviations and Glossary -- Bibliography -- Index

"Challenging the Secular State examines Muslim efforts to incorporate shari'a (religious law) into modern Indonesia's legal system from the time of independence in 1945 to the present. The author argues that attempts to formally implement shari'a in Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim state, have always been marked by tensions between the political aspirations of proponents and opponents of shari'a and by resistance from the national government. As a result, although pro-shari'a movements have made significant progress in recent years, shari'a remains tightly confined within Indonesia's secular legal system. The author first places developments in Indonesia within a broad historical and geographic context, offering a provocative analysis of the Ottoman empire's millet system and thoughtful comparisons of different approaches to pro-shari'a movements in other Muslim countries (Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan). He then describes early aspirations for the formal implementation of shari'a in Indonesia in the context of modern understandings of religious law as conflicting with the idea of the nation-state."--Jacket

Attempts at the implementation of shari'a in Indonesia have always been marked by a tension between political aspirations of the proponents and the opponents of shari'a and by resistance from the secular state. The tension had led to the profound and ongoing legal political dissonance in the formal application of shari'a rules in the country. A continuum between conflicts in meanings and direct contradictions in terms has resulted in a debate of which and whose shari'a to be implemented. This paper looks at the roots as well as the sources of those dissonances. It observes a number of conditions that make the articulation of religious law dissonant. It argues that more direct dissonance is discernible between the aspiration for the formal implementation of shari'a and constitutional rights of religious freedom. Arguing that despite shari'a has been able to seep into scattered legal aspects within Indonesian state and society and that the state has allowed shari'a to be incorporated in many ways into its legal system, nationally and regionally, it concludes that the state continues to control and restrict this dispersion and that shari'a remains tightly confined in Indonesia

This article discusses the concept of Muslim civil society in Indonesia by looking at differences in context between democratic and non-democratic regimes and by considering the diversity of Islamic interpretation of civil society and democracy. By looking at the dynamics within state-society relations and the process of democratisation, this article aims to clarify what kind of political actions correspond to the concept of civil society and help build a strong civil society in Indonesia in 1990s. Limiting its scope to the period from 1990 to 2001, the paper draws on two Muslim organisations (Nahdlatul Ulama and Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia) to explain why do Indonesian Muslims use the concept of civil society differently? How should Muslims perceive civil society vis-à-vis the state? Is it cooperation (participation) or opposition? Are both respective views equally legitimate? Given that Islamic doctrine may support the most varied of political outlooks, this study will point out that there is no single interpretation of the relationship between Islam and civil society or democracy. The article thus argues that differences between the two groups represent the diversity of Islamic interpretations of socio-political life.[Artikel ini membahas konsep "civil society" di Indonesia berdasarkan perbedaan konteks antara rejim demokratis dan otoriter serta menganalisis ragam interpretasi Islam mengenai civil society dan demokrasi. Melalui analisis dinamika hubungan rakyat-negara dan proses demokratisasi, artikel ini menjelaskan bentuk sikap politik yang sesuai dengan civil societydan mendorong terciptanya civil society yang kuat pada dekade 1990an di Indonesia. Diskusi dibatasi pada dua organisasi Muslim di Indonesia, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) dan Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia (ICMI), dan hanya pada rentang 1990 hingga 2001. Pembatasan dilakukan guna menjawab mengapa Muslim di Indonesia menggunakan konsep civil society secara berbeda dan bagaimana mereka memandang bentuk relasi ideal antara negara-civil society; apakah kerjasama (partisipasi) ataukah oposisi? dan apakah kedua bentuk relasi tersebut sama-sama dapat dibenarkan?. Menyimak bahwa ajaran Islam dapat digunakan untuk mendukung berbagai pandangan politik, artikel ini menggarisbawahi bahwa interpretasi mengenai relasi Islam dan civil society/demokrasi adalah beragam. Karena itu, perbedaan antara NU dan ICMI dalam menterjemahkan konsep civil society merupakan cerminan perbedaan dan ragam interpretasi Islam terhadap kehidupan sosial-politik.]

This study discusses the discourse on democracy within the context of the larger debate on Islam-state relations in Indonesia and correlates the religious approach with theories of democracy. It begins with a brief description of types of democracy formulated by political scientists in order to help us classify the Islamic groups efforts in the process of democratization in Indonesia. This is followed by an exploration of these groups views of democracy and their classification on the basis of their religious approach. The study considers both the debate about Islam-state relations and democracy as a competitive process over the interpretation of the predominant Islamic doctrine among the silent majority of the people. This study will also explore the role which Islam should play in the process of democratization. I will argue that the compatibility of Islam with democracy and democratization in the modern sense depends on the identification of universal values.

This article attempts to trace the influence of the colonial legacy in the formation of zakat (alms) policy in modern Indonesia. The article argues that the influence of the Dutch Islamic policy has gradually diminished as the process of Islamization of Indonesia has deepened. As early as the 19th century, Snouck Hurgronje played a key role in developing the Dutch zakat policy, which focused on the colonial government preventing the payment of zakat from being compulsory. During the first two decades after Indonesia's independence in 1945, the zakat policy as derived from colonial times continued without much change. However, by the late 1960s, the New Order regime was leaning to familiarize and manipulate the institution of zakat. In contrast to an assessment made by some scholars that President Soeharto's policy on Islam was consistent with Snouck Hurgronje's advice on Islamic affairs, this paper contends that Soeharto was not a skilled disciple of Snouck Hurgronje at all. While Snouck Hurgronje attempted to prevent the colonial apparatus from being involved in encouraging Muslims to pay zakat, Soeharto, on the contrary, engaged himself in the task of zakat collection and thus made himself religiously responsible for organizing it properly. Indeed, the level of Muslim devotion regarding their zakat obligation increased overall during the time of the New Order era, indicating an opposite effect to that advocated by Snouck Hurgronje.

Menjelaskan dinamika sosial keagamaan di Aceh / Arskal Salim dan Adlin Sila -- Syariat Islam dan radikalisme massa / Marzi Afriko -- Penegakan syariat / Mahdi Syihab -- Ulama dan proses legislasi / Abidin Nurdin -- Perempuan dalam jabatan publik / Inayatillah -- Pengkultusan tokoh agama / Nurchalish Sofyan -- Memotret kesadaran gender penegak hukum di Aceh Utara / Nanda Amalia -- Kebangkitan praktek Islam mistik / Iskandar Ibrahim -- Kenduri kematian di Kluet Aceh Selatan / Sehat Ihsan Shadiqin

Shari'a and politics in modern Indonesia -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Contributors -- Glossary -- 1. Introduction: the state and Shari'a in the perspective of Indonesian legal politics by Arskal Salim and Azyumardi Azra -- 2. Law and politics in post-independence Indonesia: a case study of religious and Adat courts by Ratno Llukito -- 3. The state and Shari'a in Indonesia by M. B. Hooker -- 4. The state's legal policy and the development of Islamic law in Indonesia's new order by Nur Ahmad Fadhil Lubis -- 5. The Indonesian marriage law of 1974: an institutionalization of the Shari'a for social changes by Azyumardi Azra -- 6. Indonesia's 1989 religious judicature act: islamization of Indonesia or indonesianization of Islam? by Mark Cammack -- 7. The political backdrop of the enactment of the compilation of Islamic laws in Indonesia by Ahmad imam Mawardi -- 8. Islamizing capitalism: on the founding of Indonesia's first Islamic bank by Robert W. Hefner -- 9. Fatwa and politics in Indonesia by Nadirsyah Hosen -- 10. Zakat administration in politics of Indonesian new order by Arskal Salim -- 11. Islamic values, law and expectations in contemporary Indonesia by Howard Federspiel -- 12. Epilogue: Shari'a in Indonesia's current transition: an update by Arskal Salim -- Appendices -- Appendix I: The law of the republic of Indonesia number 1 of the year 1974 on marriage -- Appendix II: The law of the republic of Indonesia number 7 of the year 1989 on the religious judicature -- Appendix III: The presidential instruction of the republic of Indonesia number 1 of the year 1991 on the compilation of Islamic laws -- Appendix IV: Government regulation no. 28 of the year 1977 on waqf of lands with the right of ownership -- Bibliography -- Index.