Suchergebnisse

Contrasts nonviolent intervention activities of nongovernmental organizations with the plan of former Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali for heavily armed military units from member states operating under authorization of the Security Council. Some focus on Peace Brigades International, established in Canada in 1981.

The nature & sources of nonviolent political resistance in East Timor (ET) are examined. ET's political resistance stems from opposition to increasing Indonesianization of ET through population influxes from other provinces, marginalization of ET's economic activity, & promotion of Islam in ET. The nonviolent nature of the resistance derives from two distinct political forces: (1) the guerrilla-connected clandestine front, consisting of military, youth activists, & university-based branches, which has adopted nonviolence as a pragmatic strategy to make political gains & win international support; & (2) Catholic resistance, which highlights ET's differences with the Islam majority in Indonesia, & emphasizes nonviolence as a moral principle. The Indonesian government takes a carrot & stick approach to combatting the nonviolent activities of these political forces. It pursues strategies of repression, intimidation, & disparagement of support, while simultaneously providing government funds to improve local health, education, infrastructure, & employment opportunities in ET. Adapted from the source document.

Established & stereotypical attitudes about women's relation to war are examined. Statements opining the relatively abstract or relational bent of male & female thinking are cited. Links between thinking types & warmongering are drawn. Quotes & opinions from the work of Burguieres, Carroll, Harris, Ruddick, & Steihm are used to inspect narrow views of women, men, & armed conflict. The feminist theoretical challenge for a rethinking of the meaning of power & its use in various contexts is enhanced by quotes from Weber & Foucault. The "women & peace" stereotype is considered in relation to male pacifists such as Gandhi & Tolstoy, & with regard to war as a pursuit of abstract ideals. Conclusions focus on the discrepancies belying hidebound notions of women & peace. Reworking of responsibility through powerful institutions & societal networks is advocated. M. C. Leary