Suchergebnisse

AbstractListening is essential to understanding, and understanding is the basis of competent evaluation. Systematic client consultation is on the way to becoming a primary ingredient of project identification and design. Systematic listening provides feedback needed for accurate and relevant evaluation.

Die Weltbank muß umlernen, wenn Armutsbekämfung gelingen soll. Die mangelhafte Zielgruppenorientierung wird an einer Reihe von gescheiterten Projekten in verschiedenen Ländern gezeigt. Planung für die Armen genügt nicht, vielmehr müssen in teilnehmender Beobachtung die Empfängervorstellungen ermittelt werden. Konkrete Bedarfsermittlung ist unspezifischen Angeboten vorzuziehen. Kompetente, miteinander konkurrierende lokale Träger sollen zwischengeschaltet, nicht-staatliche und Graswurzelorganisationen genutzt werden. Projekte müssen laufend angepaßt und verändert werden. Bei den Mitarbeitern sind interdisziplinär befähigte Generalisten den Spezialisten vorzuziehen. Weltbankpersonal mit Kontrollaufgaben muß Ortskenntnisse haben, die während längerer Zeit erworben wurden. Derartig armutsorientierte Projekte kosten zwar mehr Geld, Personal und Zeit, aber der gesteigerte Nutzen und die bessere Akzeptanz gleichen dies aus. (APAF-Glz)

Beneficiary assessment is a tool that can provide project personnel with information about community-based factors that may foster or limit social sector project success. The method is described as involving participant observation and intensive qualitative interviewing in the project communities by nationals trained to develop information attuned to the needs of local project management. This review presents the evidence accumulated from use of beneficiary assessment in World Bank projects since its introduction in 1982, examining how it has been utiltzed and to what effect, together with observations on how it may, in the future, be operationalized more extensively. These experiences illustrate a number of insights to be gained from use of this method: adequate communication between project staff and beneficiaries is often lacking; ignorance of the various social strata within the community can lead to inequitable/in efficient implementation; the role of community participation in project success is not always sufficiently understood; and there is a demonstrated need for project management to understand the living conditions, economic realities, and felt needs of beneficiaries.

Today, one of the central tenets of development is the necessity for learning about and building upon stakeholders' and beneficiaries' insights, needs, culture, social organization, resources and active participation. Bridging Diversity clarifies the myriad approaches to social research being used in the World Bank today. The focus is on participatory research as presently practiced and as a potential for forms of research which are not now particularly participatory. It makes a number of recommendations to enhance the utility of social research in and outside of the Bank.