Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the problem of internal and external migration in the Kyrgyz Republic. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Kyrgyz Republic had experienced mass out-migration of the population. The people were forced to migrate during the period chaos to improve their quality of life. Basically, in the early 1990s, the Slavic people from Kyrgyzstan left for Russia and Kazakhstan. Strong internal migration began in 1994, when rural Kyrgyz arrived from regions to Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyz Republic. Migration outside the former Soviet Union began in 2000. The vast majority of Kyrgyz went to Turkey, Germany or the USA. Thus, the problem of migration in the Kyrgyz Republic is not new. This article analyses the results of a 2019 focus group study. Field research was necessary to assess the effects of population migration and 14 focus groups were conducted in rural areas in the north of Kyrgyzstan. The results of the research revealed the positive and negative consequences of the migration process, reflecting the current migration situation in the north of Kyrgyzstan. In general, the growth of migration has led to new problems in society: families suffer, children are left without parental care and there is a drain (brain drain) of the working age population.

The article presents analyses of the main causes of the increase in the number of social orphans in Kyrgyzstan. Based on the materials of a sociological research, conducted by the initiative of the Ministry of Social Development of the Kyrgyz Republic in 2016, it was revealed that 99.5% of social orphans live in orphanages. For a child who grew up without a family, the agents of socialization are: zhamaat (community), peers and educators of orphanages. Today, as never before, social orphans need in orphanages and boarding schools. Due to the lack of contacts with parents, many social orphans have an incorrect understanding of different social roles. The lack of such contacts leads to difficulties in socialization and adaptation in society. Besides, inmates of orphanages have changes in social relations, a weak self-confidence, a decrease in targeting, and etc.

The work analyzes the social problems of modern life in rural areas of the Kyrgyz Republic. With the help of a sociological survey, the level and quality of life of the rural population have been analyzed. The study covered 14 villages and conducted 18 focus groups. The research reflects social problems in the context of a gender approach and reveals main factors influencing the efficiency of socio-economic development of rural areas. In the course of the research, it was found that many villages were abandoned and slightly lagged in their development. The respondents assessed a good quality of life as good health, earning money in the village, drinking water supply, peace, and tranquility in society, family, etc. Respondents associated low quality of life with a lack of stability in the country; migration and unemployment; financial dependence; misunderstanding in the family, divorce; moral impoverishment (loss of harmony, respect). In general, the quality of life has improved over the past five years: 31.9% of men and women reported about «significant improvement», and 41.7% – about «improvement», regardless of age, 26.4% noted that it remained the same, none of the respondents noted that their living conditions have deteriorated over the past five years. The authors conclude that rural residents have learned the laws of market relations and changed their outlook on life, without demanding anything from the state. The rise in pensions, benefits, teacher salaries, and the rise in livestock prices, especially in recent years, have contributed to an improvement in the quality of life. With the increase in money, the consumption of household goods has increased.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Kyrgyz-Oghuz legends and myths, which play a significant role in the study of the origin of the Kyrgyz people, their traditions, of beliefs and rituals, including the myth of the Kyrgyz father. The authors draw attention to the fact that myths and legends are especially sig­nificant for the Kyrgyz culture and are a valuable source for the study of folk mentality. Kyrgyz-Oghuz legends and myths have been poorly studied both his­torically and philosophically. Myths related to the origin of the two peoples (Kyrgyz-Oghuz) and the ethnostructures of both peoples have much in common. In this article, we tried to find out their common features and differences. A his­torical and philosophical analysis of the etymologies and ethnonyms has been carried out. For the first time, serious thoughts were expressed about the similar­ity of the images of Ulken and Uguz Khan. The connection between the Kyrgyz and Sary eponyms was also described, and for the first time the similarity of the names of the original ancestors (Sar – Sary – Huangdi) in the Kyrgyz-Chinese myths was analyzed. The final part of the article is devoted to the analysis of the interaction of the Kyrgyz with other peoples and the impact on their culture.