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Introduction. The period 1941–1942 became a time when American art was rapidly rebuilt on "military rails." Cultural figures in every way reinforced the morale of American soldiers and were engaged in justifying various actions of the government through a more accessible and understandable language of artistic narrative. Methods and materials. The rich material of the archive of the FBI, the army and other US security services allows a better look at how the cinema obeyed the propaganda needs of the warring power. The article is based on the principles of historicism and systematics, as well as the methods of historical comparativistics and imagology (discourse-analysis, analysis of audiovisual representation and some others). Analysis and results. It is quite clear that cinema played a special role in these processes – the most massive and popular type of art, which in the previous two decades became the most common form of leisure for Americans. This article is devoted to the use of cinema to justify the initially extremely unpopular measure of the American government to intern the Japanese in concentration camps in the light of the entry of the United States into World War II.

The problem, the solution of which this article is devoted to, is related to the lack of special studies of the concept of "invisible enemy" in political philosophy. Existing theoretical works do not pay enough attention to this concept. Its metaphorical use fails to make explicit all of its potential and importance for political philosophy. As "invisible enemies" only in the metaphorical sense of this term can be regarded objects that have a non-anthropogenic nature (viruses, bacteria, sources of disease), as well as extraneous elements of the political body that have destructive potential. The analysis carried out revealed two semantic areas of using the concept of "invisible enemies", relevant to political philosophy, and namely physical and symbolic invisibility. The physical invisibility, which is regarded in the works by Сarl von Clausewitz, Сarl Schmitt, Zygmunt Bauman, Grégoire Chamayou and others, belongs to enemies on the battlefield or to remote warfare. Russian philosophers look at this concept from an ethical perspective (Vladimir Solovyov, Lev Karsavin, Nikolai Berdyaev, Fyodor Stepun). The author of the article substantiates the thesis about the situational and relative nature of the phenomenon of the invisible enemy, associated with reaching the limit of perceptual indistinguishability. The physical invisibility of the enemy is caused by the appropriation of new war spaces in which vertical dimensions are established. Arguing with the ideas of Carl Schmitt, the author uses this concept not only in relation to the irregular fighters (partisans), but also in relation to modern combatants. The ways of acquisition of the symbolic invisibility are revealed in the works of Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, Carl Schmitt. It is based on the transfer of the war actor to a different semantic field, in which it is depoliticized and re-symbolized as a civilian object.

Object of study this article is the problem of progressive development and aesthetizations social relations of Russia before reform (1861), reflected in literary, social, political works political attitudes of P.L. Lavrov. An object of research are his literary, social, economic, political views analyzed from aesthetic positions. In article is the actual socio-philosophy problem of development, transformation, perfection, humanisation and harmonisation social relations.

The rapid development of industrial enterprises in the Russian Federation, the progressive increase in capacity, and the opening of new production facilities have especially highlighted the existing problem with the training of engineering personnel. The number of university graduates trained in engineering and technical specialties and areas of training does not correspond to the required number of young specialists at enterprises. The exist-ing project practice of attracting young specialists – university graduates to industrial and construction enter-prises was formed in the last 10 years and did not take into account the situation of a large-scale shortage of qualified personnel. The research of many scientists is focused on analyzing the interaction between universi-ties and industrial enterprises in terms of the commercialization of scientific research, but the issue of as-sessing the effectiveness of project management to attract young specialists to industrial enterprises remains insufficiently studied.

Based on archival materials, the migration processes associated with the reception and accommodation of the evacuated population in the largest regions of the Upper Volga region, such as the Gorky region and the Chu-vash ASSR, are analyzed. The relevance of the presented topic lies in the fact that the author is one of the first to make an attempt to consider the evacuation process in the Volga region from the standpoint of social history and historical psychology. This approach is actively used by historians in the study of migration processes that took place during the Great Patriotic War in other regions of the USSR (Urals, Siberia). The main difficulties that arose in the resettlement of refugees and the ways to solve them are shown. Documents are being introduced into scientific circulation that have recently been classified. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the psycholog-ical state of a refugee played an important role in the social adaptation at the new place of residence. It is pre-cisely the lack of psychological aid and assistance that caused rejection of new living conditions among part of the evacuated population, hindered the establishment of labor activities, and contributed to the emergence of conflict situations with the local population. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the study and use of the Soviet experience in the evacuation of the population will help in planning evacuation activities in today's time, for example, in the context of Special Defense Forces or other emergencies.

In the context of economic uncertainty, it is difficult to control the business processes of organizations depend-ent on the import component in order to minimize risks in many (if not all) industries. Nowadays, the activities of organizations have become affected by negative factors, which include the implementation of sanctions policy by unfriendly countries, violation of foreign trade logistics routes, refusal of counterparties-importers to fulfill contractual obligations, withdrawal of foreign companies from the Russian market, and many others. Such phenomena as parallel imports, indirect and gray imports, new logistics chains and creative economic solu-tions have become a response to the challenges of the external environment. The aim of the article is to con-sider not only opportunities, but also limitations associated with the use of parallel import resources. In search of optimal solutions, an analysis of logistics routes for the supply of goods to the Russian Federation as part of parallel imports was carried out using the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis – data convolution analysis) meth-od to confirm the effectiveness of individual directions. Delivery times, customs clearance costs, and the cost of transit through the EAEU were selected as input parameters, and rating, service, and supply volumes were se-lected as weekends.

In modern conditions, the acuteness of the problems of legal regulation of real estate development activities and immovable property turnover is significantly increasing due to the unprecedented number of judicial (but not legal), economic, and other sanctions imposed on our country, repeated attempts of its political and eco-nomic isolation, as well as the increased legal and economic uncertainty for the participants of economic rela-tions in connection with the Special Military Operation conducted by the Russian state and its consequences for the Russian Federation. The attempt to substantiate the assessment of state regulation of the entire real estate turnover and the segment of intermediary services in it, in particular, is of interest. A historical approach is used to analyze the means of state influence on intermediaries providing real estate services. The authors actively apply the method of comparative law when considering a set of legal means suita-ble for use in the process of state regulation of the sphere of intermediary services in transactions with real es-tate objects.

The relevance of the subject of the selected scientific article is predetermined by the absence of the concept of mediation in the Russian civil legislation and the need to define the subject of this type of activity. As a conse-quence, there is inconsistency in the use of the term "intermediation" in relation to various segments of ser-vices, including in the sphere of real estate turnover, in trade, as well as in law enforcement activities. As a re-sult, there is inconsistency in the use of the term mediation in relation to various segments of services, includ-ing in the sphere of real estate turnover, in trade, as well as in law enforcement. The article considers the pecu-liarities of formation of intermediary services in the real estate market. The one-time nature of the majority of transactions is noted. The reasons for the short duration of the contractual lease terms of both residential and commercial real estate are revealed. The authors pay great attention to the definition of mediation and its main features. The types of mediation are distinguished in economic and legal aspects, as well as in its broad and narrow understanding. The classification of the subjects of mediation activity is carried out according to various criteria. The authors' detailed analysis of the subject of the activity of a broker under the German Civil Code, as well as an occasional intermediary in international trade, appears to be of interest.

The article analyzes the state of the domestic entrepreneurial sector in the challenging environment of moder-nity, the development of which was "undermined" due to the COVID-19 pandemic and sanctions pressure. The authors analyzed the volume of financing of business support programs in the Samara region based on the data of the Unified Register of small and medium-sized businesses. The conceptual model for the consistent development of the business assistance fund in the context of the implementation of the main activities in diffi-cult economic conditions has been formed, which makes it possible to increase the speed of managerial deci-sion-making. The regional Center for Business Cooperation of Small, Medium and Large Enterprises was pro-posed for implementation, the work of which is aimed at the integration of competencies in the development of new products in the conditions of import substitution and their promotion in the market. The authors see the main task of the new structure in uniting manufacturers, suppliers and developers of import-substituting prod-ucts, as well as employees of scientific laboratories specializing in economic developments.