Suchergebnisse

The paper is devoted to the study of the Kazan school district administration activities during one of the key periods in the Russian state history: the period of its socio-economic and political transformation. Liberal reforms of Alexander I, conservative course of Alexander III, revolutionary events of the early 20th century: all the peripetias of these epochs are reflected in the autocracy's policy on Tatar-Muslim schooling. The authors of the paper revealed the historical circumstances concerning establishment of the Kazan educational district, demonstrate its structure and place in the hierarchy of public education system structures available in the Russian Empire, trace the evolution of its functions, goals and objectives in a close relationship with the socio-economic and political processes in the country. The multi-confessional and multi-ethnic character of the population of the educational district considered in the paper is underlined. The authors focus on the activities of the tutors of the Kazan school district, who not only implemented the policy of the autocracy regarding the school education of Tatars-Muslims, but also submitted proposals to the higher authorities to improve the above mentioned policy. The place and role of Tatar, Bashkir and Kirghiz school inspectors, directors of public schools, and other officials in the implementation of the school policy regarding Muslim peoples are thoroughly analysed. The authors' conclusions are based on extensive archival sources. ; El documento está dedicado al estudio de las actividades de la administración del distrito escolar de Kazán durante uno de los períodos clave en la historia del estado ruso: el período de su transformación socio-económica y política. Reformas liberales de Alejandro I, curso conservador de Alejandro III, acontecimientos revolucionarios de principios del siglo XX: todas las peripecias de estas épocas se reflejan en la política de la autocracia sobre la escolarización tártaro-musulmana. Los autores del artículo revelaron las circunstancias históricas relativas al establecimiento del distrito educativo de Kazán, demuestran su estructura y lugar en la jerarquía de las estructuras del sistema de educación pública disponibles en el Imperio ruso, trazan la evolución de sus funciones, metas y objetivos en una relación cercana. con los procesos socio-económicos y políticos del país. Se subraya el carácter multiconfesional y multiétnico de la población del distrito educativo considerado en el artículo. Los autores se centran en las actividades de los tutores del distrito escolar de Kazán, quienes no solo implementaron la política de la autocracia con respecto a la educación escolar de los tártaros-musulmanes, sino que también presentaron propuestas a las autoridades superiores para mejorar dicha política. Se analiza a fondo el lugar y el papel de los inspectores escolares tártaros, bashkir y kirguís, directores de escuelas públicas y otros funcionarios en la implementación de la política escolar con respecto a los pueblos musulmanes. Las conclusiones de los autores se basan en amplias fuentes de archivo. ; O artigo é dedicado ao estudo das atividades da administração do distrito escolar de Kazan durante um dos períodos-chave na história do estado russo: o período de sua transformação socioeconômica e política. Reformas liberais de Alexandre I, curso conservador de Alexandre III, acontecimentos revolucionários do início do século 20: todas as peripetias dessas épocas se refletem na política autocrática sobre a escolarização tártaro-muçulmana. Os autores do artigo revelam as circunstâncias históricas relativas ao estabelecimento do distrito educacional de Kazan, demonstram sua estrutura e lugar na hierarquia das estruturas do sistema de ensino público disponível no Império Russo, traçam a evolução de suas funções, metas e objetivos em uma relação próxima com os processos socioeconômicos e políticos do país. O caráter multi-confessional e multiétnico da população do distrito educacional considerado no artigo é sublinhado. Os autores se concentram nas atividades dos tutores do distrito escolar de Kazan, que não só implementaram a política da autocracia em relação à educação escolar dos tártaros-muçulmanos, mas também apresentaram propostas às autoridades superiores para melhorar a política acima mencionada. O lugar e o papel dos inspetores escolares tártaros, bashkir e quirguizes, diretores de escolas públicas e outros funcionários na implementação da política escolar em relação aos povos muçulmanos são analisados minuciosamente. As conclusões dos autores são baseadas em extensas fontes de arquivo.

The paper discusses the situation of confessional associations in the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Tatar during the period of mass political repressions de in the late 1930s. The methodological basis was the civilizational approach, as well as the principles of objectivity, historicism, and social focus, which allowed the most effective development of the issue raised. The specificity of the period and the object of study are determined by the heyday of Stalinist repression and religious consciousness, which was carried by believers and clergy, and was not correlate with communist ideology. The very fact of the existence of the aforementioned believers and the clergy and the presence of Orthodox churches, mosques, Catholic churches and functioning religious buildings of other religions was fundamentally in line with the goals and objectives that the state authorities established during this period. By way of conclusion, the authors provide detailed statistical information (in support of their scientific arguments and conclusions) on the dynamics of the number of prayer buildings in the republic during the study period and at the same time account of the general conditions of mass repression that characterize the historical context.

The objective of the research was to study Russian State and Orthodox church relations in the context of world war II and the early post-war years. The line of this article is due to the important role of the Russian Orthodox Church in the history, modern political and cultural life of Russia. In this sense, the period of State-Church relations in the USSR during world war II, known in Russia as a great patriotic war, is of great scientific interest because it was the time when the government was forced to make adjustments to its religion policy. Methodologically based on a wide range of documentary sources, the authors of the article have identified the place and role of the Russian Orthodox Church in the foreign policy of the USSR during the approach. In this sense, it is felt that the role of the Russian Orthodox Church in building relations with the allies of the anti-Hitler coalition and its place in the expansion of the Soviet political system in Eastern Europe was of paramount importance as a foreign policy factor.