Suchergebnisse

The First National Communication was presented to the Secretariat of the UNFCCC in April 2004, on the eve of Malta's accession to the European Union. As predicted this was a step that transformed Malta's political future. Malta has since its accession worked hard with its partners in the Union to develop policies that are ambitious enough to match the severity of the climate challenges we face. Notwithstanding our inherent limitations, Malta has always supported initiatives aimed at minimizing the impacts of Climate Change. As far back as 1988, Malta recognised the importance of dealing with climate as a global issue as apparent in its efforts to place the issue of Climate Change on the agenda of the UN General Assembly. The importance that Malta attributes to Climate Change is evident even today in the support that Malta gives to both EU and other international Climate Change initiatives. While all too conscious of the difficulties it will face in reaching the various EU targets, Malta fully supported the so‐called EU Climate and Energy package agreed on last December. We have done so because we understand the need for immediate drastic action to salvage not only our future but the future of the next generations. Moreover, during the UNFCCC's Conference of the Parties (COP) 14, which was held in December 2008 in Poznan, Poland, I had the honour of announcing Malta's intention to join Annex I to the UNFCCC. To this effect, Malta has submitted a formal proposal to amend Annex I for consideration and action at the COP 15 in Copenhagen, December 2009. The rationale behind this action is sui generis. Malta does not seek to differentiate itself from others. Rather, Malta seeks to put itself on the same legal footing as its fellow Member states in a collective and responsible commitment to continue reducing emissions of greenhouse gases after 2012. This Government is aware of the challenges our country faces and has embarked on a variety of projects and initiatives that are all aimed at preparing our country as best as possible to meet and satisfy its various international obligations whether at EU and UN level. The 'National Strategy for Policy and Abatement Measures relating to the reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions' was recently finalized and delineates a number of mitigation measures to be embarked or continued upon. The Government has moreover recently appointed a new Climate Change Committee to draw up a National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change. As in the case of the First Communication, formal responsibility for the preparation of this Communication was vested in the Malta Environment and Planning Authority. My gratitude goes to the University of Malta and in particular Professor Charles Sammut (Project Manager) and Professor Alfred Micallef (National Expert) for their invaluable work and the various actors and stakeholders involved in the consultations. Once again the Government of Malta thanks the Global Environment Facility for contributing towards the preparation of its second Communication. The preparation of the First National Communication eventually led to the setting up of permanent structures aimed at monitoring and assessing greenhouse gas emissions and which have proved indispensable in shaping national climate change policies. I believe that the present Communication will likewise prove beneficial in providing the necessary impetus in strengthening Malta's climate change policies. ; N/A

There is the need for a legal instrument that would first and foremost establish the executive powers of a new entity with overarching responsibilities and powers over all the authorities that have sectoral responsibilities for climate change. Such a legal instrument should also identify these sectoral authorities and their responsibilities, preferably within an Annex which could be amended and adjusted in a flexible manner. This instrument should be managed by a new unit on climate change within MRA and it should ensure integration without causing fragmentation between the sectors. At the same time, retaining the sectoral input would ensure that there is no duplication of roles, that the institutions are specialised within their own field and that the overarching institution does not becomes a bottle neck. In other words, different competent authorities responsible for the different sectoral policies and obligations should remain, but these must be answerable to an institution that has executive powers to ensure compliance and to coordinate long and short term planning with respect to climate change targets and impacts. By way of recommendation therefore, a legal instrument of this sort should seek to intervene as little as possible in the daily running of the sectoral policies and only apply its powers in situations of emergency when non compliance by the different sectors stalls the fulfilment of Malta's obligations. Its main role should be to ensure implementation of a National Strategy on Mitigation and Adaptation. This legal instrument would not duplicate the role of public institutions that are already regulators for various sectors on climate change. It would however empower the new entity to take enforcement measures against the said institutions if they fail to do so. It would also ensure the implementation and enforcement of existing legislation that regulates the various sectors in order to rationalize their sustainable use and provide for conservation measures. This would benefit both the implementation of mitigation and adaptation measures. An entity entrusted with the overall responsibility for climate change law and policy must be legally empowered to ensure the implementation of national adaptation programmes. It must also coordinate the various sectors to carry out the necessary research to adopt and implement mitigation and adaptation measures. It must necessarily be supported by a parallel capacity building process in the various entities that run the day-to- day implementation functions. On an administrative level, without necessarily being included in a legal instrument, memoranda of understanding and stakeholder dialogue are indispensable tools to ensure cooperation. This will facilitate reaching mitigation and adaptation targets within the stipulated time frames. The mainstreaming of climate change impacts in national policies ensures the adoption of mitigation and adaptation measures and guarantees synergy and linkages amongst various public plans and programmes. Response to climate change should take place at a strategic level to assess beforehand the socio-economic impacts of any mitigation and adaptation measures adopted as a consequence prior to mainstreaming into national policy making. The existing Regulations on the Strategic Environment Assessment already include climate change impacts as one of the issues that needs to be taken into consideration in an SEA. Furthermore, for all those situations where an SEA is not required, Maltese authorities should promote pro-active adaptation measures such as, for example, in development planning, rather than take reactive adaptation measures. The new climate change legal instrument must ensure effective monitoring and stakeholder engagement, particularly the involvement of NGOS and Local Councils which increases public awareness on climate change issues. The new law should also take into consideration national security issues relating to climate change when formulating mitigation and adaptation strategies. The new law should also target the development of a research programme for climate change, including access to funding programmes. It is vital that Investment in research and development in all sectors should not remain on a voluntary basis. It will provide local industry with the necessary technology and it will generate specialised local expertise in a rapidly growing sector that is assuming a tremendous economic potential. Procrastination is detrimental on two main fronts. First because Malta will miss out in securing a place in this niche-market and second because we will keep relying upon foreign technology and expertise. Since Malta can rely on and pool from the scientific and technical advice of the European Environmental agency, it is best to concentrate on investing in scientific and technical research that addresses the local scenario. This should be earmarked as a priority for EU funded projects and care should be taken not to duplicate research conducted by EU agencies to which Malta has access, but rather to build upon it and apply it at the local level. It is also essential to include as a legal obligation the publication to civil society of information acquired as a result of research conducted at the EU level or carried out locally. It must be ensured that all sectors surmount the constraints due to the lack of a sound knowledge base on local ecosystem dynamics. Filling such a gap would serve to build local scientific evidence that would identify to what extent marine, terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna groups are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Emphasis should be placed on minor and already vulnerable groups. All sectors should be legally bound to maintain a Geographic Information System to integrate data related to climate change, and any other data required apart from spatial information. Adopting and implementing the recommendations suggested by the National Sustainable Development Strategy for Malta would greatly enhance the implementation of adaptation measures relating to climate change, both on a cross-sectoral and sectoral level. At present it is envisaged that the government is currently preparing a new Bill on sustainable development, in the meantime the applicable provisions of the EPA by virtue of which the sustainable development strategy was published should continue to apply. Malta should also endeavour to promote more regional cooperation in the Mediterranean under the Barcelona Convention framework and Euro Med, to identify the adaptation needs of the Mediterranean littoral to the impacts of climate change. Authorities should initiate immediately, even at the regional Mediterranean level, studies to assess vulnerability due to climate change, how new opportunities may be tapped, how to meet with the negative consequences of climate change in the sector, how to ensure that local operators adapt to the shift in tourism trends as a result of climate change. There is the need of systematic and sustained awareness building programmes to educate all. This will intensify awareness and promote a change in behavioural patterns to improve adaptation to climate change. Increasing awareness of climate change impacts within the government, industry, and community sectors will support cultural change transitions that are required for the adoption of more climate change friendly technologies, designs, and operations by public and private operators. The new climate change law should also obligate the various sectors to formulate contingency plans. This serves to: address the negative impacts envisaged as a result of climate change particularly upon vulnerable groups. assess socio-economic implications, with increased insurance covers for risks resulting from the likely impacts of climate change. identify financial guarantees and incentives amongst the various stakeholders in all sectors. ; peer-reviewed