Suchergebnisse

The article considers the features of the functional distribution of income in the European Union and Ukraine. As a result, it was found that GDRs are distributed in the EU almost proportionally between the factors «capital» and «labor» – their shares are 46.1% and 44.4%, respectively. A similar trend is characteristic of Ukraine. However, the analysis showed that the share of wages in GDP by type of economic activity differs from the national average by tens of percent.Since the dynamics of the total share of the factor «labor» does not reflect the real state of affairs in the distribution relationship, so the analysis also used the indicator «cost per employee». The results of the study confirmed that the cost of maintaining an employee in the economically developed countries is quite high. There is also a negative trend in increasing the already large gap between the average cost per employee in Ukraine and similar costs in the EU. All costs for the maintenance of employees, according to the criterion of legal guarantee, can be divided into two groups: guaranteed costs (direct wages; payment for overtime; bonuses and irregular payments; wages in kind; social security of employees) and non-guaranteed (voluntary) payments (payment for housing; professional training; cultural and household services and other expenses). The analysis revealed that the share of legally guaranteed costs that the owner is obliged to incur for the benefit of its employees in Ukraine is quite high and has a steady upward trend. At the same time, the costs that incur on a voluntary basis and are notregulated by the government have been hardly covered in Ukraine, compared to the EU countries. ; В данной статье рассмотрены особенности функциональногораспределения доходов в разрезе стран Европейского союза и Украины;проанализированы тенденции распределения добавленной стоимостимежду факторами производства по видам экономической деятельности;исследована структура доли дохода, принадлежащей фактору «труд» покритерию законодательной гарантированности или добровольности. ; В статті розглянуто особливості функціонального розподілу доходів в розрізі країн Європейського Союзу та України; проаналізовано тенденцію розподілу доданої вартості між факторами виробництва за видами економічної діяльності; досліджено структуру частки доходу, що належить фактору «праця» за критерієм законодавчої гарантованості чи добровільності.

The paper deals with the current state of Information andCommunication Technologies (ICT) in Ukraine and position of countryin world rankings by the main indicators of ICT development. The mainreasons influenced the position of Ukraine in the considered ratingsare revealed. Almost in all ratings Ukraine is close to the middle. Indynamics the best situation in Ukraine is observed by the ElectronicGovernment Development Index (EGDI), and the worst one by the WebIndex (WI) and the ICT Development Index (IDI). EGDI demonstrates thesufficiently high opportunities created in Ukraine for governmententities to use ICT in providing public services for citizens. At thesame time, the dynamics of IDI characterize Ukraine as atechnologically backward country and indicate the lack of accessibilityand widespread of ICT use, as well as the lack of practical skills inusing ICT in the population of Ukraine. Regional divergences in thedevelopment of information and communication technologies inUkraine are reviewed.The use of ICT is investigated at macro level in terms ofeconomic subjects (legal entities) of different sizes as well as at mesolevel by kinds of activities. The scope of ICT use by enterprises isconsidered. The level of development of ICT potential of businessentities based on analysis of the availability of personal computers,Internet connection, own web resource and IT-specialists isappreciated.It is substantiated that the active implementation of ICT to theprivate sector will provide conditions for economic development ofenterprises and increase the competitiveness of the nationaleconomy. It is proposed to form an innovative model of economicdevelopment of the ICT sphere, which will be similar to the Europeanone, taking into account the existing potential in ICT sector in Ukraine(human resources, educational level of the population, level ofdevelopment of fundamental science and basic technologies,industrial infrastructure). ; В данной статье рассмотрены тенденции развитияинформационно-коммуникационных технологий и особенностиформирования ИКТ-потенциала Украины. Охарактеризован ИКТпотенциала страны на основе изучения международныхрейтинговых оценок. Проанализирован уровень развития ИКТ намакроуровне в разрезе предприятий разного размера и намезоуровне в отраслевом разрезе. Исследовано региональныеразличия развития ИКТ. ; В статті розглянуто тенденції розвитку інформаційнокомунікаційних технологій та особливості формування ІКТпотенціалу України. Охарактеризовано ІКТ-потенціалу країни на основі вивчення міжнародних рейтингових оцінок. Проаналізовано рівень розвитку ІКТ на макрорівні в розрізі підприємств різного розміру та на мезорівні в галузевому розрізі. Досліджено регіональні розбіжності розвитку ІКТ.