Suchergebnisse

A aplicação dos conhecimentos científicos, com o passar dos anos, na área pericial, vem se modernizando cada vez mais e evidenciando os conceitos e práticas das ciências forenses como artifício judicial. Novas técnicas são descobertas e outras, já existentes, são aprimoradas. Este artigo trata de uma das diversas áreas das ciências forenses, a Toxicologia Forense, a qual é o estudo da aplicação dos conhecimentos toxicológicos com os propósitos da lei, ou seja, é conhecimento científico auxiliando nas investigações criminais. Nesta revisão, técnicas usadas pela química analítica, como as análises cromatográficas e espectrometrias, e aplicadas pela perícia forense foram abordadas e discutidas através de uma análise de artigos do periódico Química Nova, no âmbito da toxicologia forense, com o objetivo de apresentar a importância da química analítica nas investigações judiciais, especificamente, na contribuição de soluções criminais no campo da toxicologia forense.

Today we live in an increasingly scientific and technologically developed society that has promoted transformations in the social, political and economic environment. This development brought with it the illusion that all social and cultural problems would be solved, creating a traditional image of this science, in which its development would be free of particular interests. In order for the community to be able to understand the relations between science and the collective, it is necessary to have debates about the subject, and thinking about it, the movement called Science, Technology, Society and Environment (STSE) was created, representing a critical study group about the traditionalist and essentialist view of science and technology. The STSE studies seek to understand their social dimensions and even their consequences. Thus, this study has as main objective to review the Brazilian literature in search of articles that work the STSE approach in the teaching of Chemistry in the context of the high school classroom, with the intention of training citizens critical about the most diverse subjects of this. This research has a qualitative character, as it allows the researcher a better approximation and understanding of the facts studied. The articles were searched in national journals that allow free access and with qualis A1, A2 and B1 qualis according to the CAPES Qualis-Periodical system. In all, 24 journals were found, but only 8 articles were found with the theme under study, being found 14 in total. The selected papers cover the topics of Acids and Bases (1), Physical-Chemistry (1), Environmental Chemistry (3), Organic Chemistry (8) and Radioactivity (1), in which teaching was conceived in the STSE precepts to promote greater contextualization and the formation of the critical citizen. All the creators of the researches sought through the STSE to make the classes more attractive and dynamic, centering the construction of the knowledge in the student through the stimulation of the research.